Data from: Direct effects of polyploidization on floral scent
Data files
Aug 21, 2025 version files 63.76 KB
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README.md
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ScentData_Schlager_etal_2025.txt
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Abstract
Polyploidy is an important driver of the evolution and diversification of flowering plants. Several studies have shown that established polyploids differ from diploids in floral morphological traits and that polyploidization directly affects these traits. However, for floral scent, which is key to many plant-pollinator interactions, only a few studies have quantified differences between established cytotypes, and the direct effects of polyploidization on floral scent are not yet known. We compared the floral scent of established polyploids and diploids from a natural mixed-ploidy population of the plant Lithophragma bolanderi (Saxifragaceae), a species pollinated by two highly specialized moth pollinators of the genus Greya (Prodoxidae). We also compared the floral scent of neopolyploids synthetically generated from diploids with the floral scent of the diploid progenitors to quantify the direct effects of polyploidization on floral scent. Established tetraploids had a higher floral scent emission rate, produced more scent compounds, and emitted a relative scent composition that differed from diploids. Neotetraploids differed in the same direction from diploids as established tetraploids from diploids, but to a lesser extent. Together, our results provide novel insights into the ways in which polyploidization reshapes floral scent, thereby potentially altering interactions between plants and pollinators.
This dataset contains all data newly collected for the following article:
Schlager E, Dötterl S, Thompson JN, Friberg M, Gross K. 2025. Direct effects of polyploidization on floral scent. Journal of Chemical Ecology.
Details concerning the methodology and analyses of all data are described in the main text and the SI Appendix file of the article above.
This dataset consists of the following data file (file type: tab-delimited .txt file):
ScentData_Schlager_etal_2025.txt
Description of the data and file structure
ScentData_Schlager_etal_2025.txt
These data were used to assess differences in floral cent between established diploids and established tetraploids the direct effects of polyploidization on floral scent by comparing synthetically generated neopolyploids with established diploids and established tetraploids and colchicine-treated plants that remained diploid. With these data, permutational multivariate analyses of variance (PERMANOVAs) and permutational analyses of multivariate dispersion (PERMDISPs) were conducted for scent emission rate, the number of floral scent compounds, and relative amounts of compounds.
The file contains the following variables:
- ScentID: Individual number for each sample.
- Population: Three-letter abbreviation of the population name.
- SeedFamily: Seed family (seeds from a single cross) identity.
- IndividualID: Individual code for each plant within a seed family.
- Donor_Seed_Family: Seed family identity of the pollen donor of the cross.
- Donor_ID: Individual identity of the pollen donor of the cross.
- Receiver_Seed_Family: Seed family identity of the pollen receiver of the cross.
- Receiver_ID: Individual identity of the pollen receiver of the cross.
- ParentalSeedFamily_Donor_Receiver: Factor combining the information of the column “Donor_Seed_Family” (number in front of “”) and the column “Receiver_Seed_Family” (number after “”).
- Year: Year when the plants were collected and analyzed. “2021” for the plants from the first cohort (sowed in March 2021), “2022” for the plants from the second cohort (sowed in December 2021).
- Ploidy: Plant ploidy level. “2x”: diploid, “3x”: triploid, “4x”: tetraploid.
- Treatment: Information whether the parental plants were treated with colchicine (“treatment”) or not (“control”).
- Treatment_Ploidy: Factor combining the information from column “Treatment” and “PloidyLevel”.
- PloidyOrigin: Cytotype of the founder plant. 2x (diploid) for the established (control) diploids, for the colchicine-treated plants that remained diploid, for the neotriploids, and for the neotetraploids; 4x (tetraploid) for the established (control) tetraploids.
- NoOpenFlowers: The number of open flowers from which floral scent was collected.
- X24Hexadiene_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 2,4-Hexadiene in ng per h per flower.
- IsoamylAlcohol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Isoamyl alcohol in ng per h per flower.
- Z3Hexen1Ol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol in ng per h per flower.
- X25Cyclohexadiene14Dione_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione in ng per h per flower.
- E4Oxohex2Enal_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of (E)-4-Oxohex-2-enal in ng per h per flower.
- Benzaldehyde_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Benzaldehyde in ng per h per flower.
- Unknown1_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown compound 1 in ng per h per flower.
- BenzylAlcohol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Benzyl alcohol in ng per h per flower.
- Phenylacetaldehyde_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Phenylacetaldehyde in ng per h per flower.
- EBetaOcimene_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of (E)-β-Ocimene in ng per h per flower.
- X2MethoxyPhenol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 2-Methoxyphenol in ng per h per flower.
- Linalool_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Linalool in ng per h per flower.
- MethylBenzoate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Methyl benzoate in ng per h per flower.
- Hotrienol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Hotrienol in ng per h per flower.
- X2Phenylethanol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 2-Phenylethanol in ng per h per flower.
- BenzylNitrile_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Benzyl nitrile in ng per h per flower.
- X12Dimethoxybenzene_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene in ng per h per flower.
- X14Dimethoxybenzene_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene in ng per h per flower.
- MethylSalicylate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Methyl salicylate in ng per h per flower.
- X2Aminobenzaldehyde_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 2-Aminobenzaldehyde in ng per h per flower.
- X3Phenylpropanol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 3-Phenylpropanol in ng per h per flower.
- Phenylacetaldoxime1_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Phenylacetaldoxime 1 in ng per h per flower.
- Unknown2_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown compound 2 in ng per h per flower.
- X14Benzenediol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 1,4-Benzenediol in ng per h per flower.
- Phenylacetaldoxime2_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Phenylacetaldoxime 2 in ng per h per flower.
- ECinnamaldehyde_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of (E)-Cinnamaldehyde in ng per h per flower.
- Anisole_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Anisole in ng per h per flower.
- Indole_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Indole in ng per h per flower.
- ECinnamylAlcohol_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of (E)-Cinnamyl alcohol in ng per h per flower.
- Unknown3_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown compound 3 in ng per h per flower.
- DimethylSalicylate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Dimethyl salicylate in ng per h per flower.
- BenzylButyrate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Benzyl butyrate in ng per h per flower.
- MethylAnthranilate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Methyl anthranilate in ng per h per flower.
- X124Trimethoxybenzene_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene in ng per h per flower.
- Unknown4_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown compound 4 in ng per h per flower.
- BenzylIsovalerate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Benzyl isovalerate in ng per h per flower.
- BetaCaryophyllene_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of β-Caryophyllene in ng per h per flower.
- Unknown5_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown compound 5 in ng per h per flower.
- BenzylTiglate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Benzyl tiglate in ng per h per flower.
- Unknown6_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown compound 6 in ng per h per flower.
- Unknown7_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Unknown compound 7 in ng per h per flower.
- BenzylBenzoate_AbsAmount: Absolute amount of Benzyl benzoate in ng per h per flower.
- TotalAmount: Scent emission rate in ng per h per flower.
- X24Hexadiene_RelAmount: Relative amount of 2,4-Hexadiene.
- IsoamylAlcohol_RelAmount: Relative amount of Isoamyl alcohol.
- Z3Hexen1Ol_RelAmount: Relative amount of (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol.
- X25Cyclohexadiene14Dione_RelAmount: Relative amount of 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione.
- E4Oxohex2Enal_RelAmount: Relative amount of (E)-4-Oxohex-2-enal.
- Benzaldehyde_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzaldehyde.
- Unknown1_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound 1.
- BenzylAlcohol_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl alcohol.
- Phenylacetaldehyde_RelAmount: Relative amount of Phenylacetaldehyde.
- EBetaOcimene_RelAmount: Relative amount of (E)-β-Ocimene.
- X2MethoxyPhenol_RelAmount: Relative amount of 2-Methoxyphenol.
- Linalool_RelAmount: Relative amount of Linalool.
- MethylBenzoate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Methyl benzoate.
- Hotrienol_RelAmount: Relative amount of Hotrienol.
- X2Phenylethanol_RelAmount: Relative amount of 2-Phenylethanol.
- BenzylNitrile_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl nitrile.
- X12Dimethoxybenzene_RelAmount: Relative amount of 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene.
- X14Dimethoxybenzene_RelAmount: Relative amount of 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene.
- MethylSalicylate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Methyl salicylate.
- X2Aminobenzaldehyde_RelAmount: Relative amount of 2-Aminobenzaldehyde.
- X3Phenylpropanol_RelAmount: Relative amount of 3-Phenylpropanol.
- Phenylacetaldoxime1_RelAmount: Relative amount of Phenylacetaldoxime 1.
- Unknown2_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound 2.
- X14Benzenediol_RelAmount: Relative amount of 1,4-Benzenediol.
- Phenylacetaldoxime2_RelAmount: Relative amount of Phenylacetaldoxime 2.
- ECinnamaldehyde_RelAmount: Relative amount of (E)-Cinnamaldehyde.
- Anisole_RelAmount: Relative amount of Anisole.
- Indole_RelAmount: Relative amount of Indole.
- ECinnamylAlcohol_RelAmount: Relative amount of (E)-Cinnamyl alcohol.
- Unknown3_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound 3.
- DimethylSalicylate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Dimethyl salicylate.
- BenzylButyrate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl butyrate.
- MethylAnthranilate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Methyl anthranilate.
- X124Trimethoxybenzene_RelAmount: Relative amount of 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene.
- Unknown4_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound 4.
- BenzylIsovalerate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl isovalerate.
- BetaCaryophyllene_RelAmount: Relative amount of β-Caryophyllene.
- Unknown5_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound 5.
- BenzylTiglate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl tiglate.
- Unknown6_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound 6.
- Unknown7_RelAmount: Relative amount of Unknown compound 7.
- BenzylBenzoate_RelAmount: Relative amount of Benzyl benzoate.
- NoCompounds: Number of compounds in the sample.
Sharing/Access information
These data are not accessible at another location.
These are original data and not derived from another source.
Seeds collected in one natural Lithophragma bolanderi population, in which both diploids and tetraploids grow, were grown in a greenhouse common garden. The ploidy level of the seeds was known. A subset of the diploid seedlings was treated with colchicine to induce polyploidization. When plants were well established, leaf material was collected and analyzed using flow cytometry to verify plant ploidy level. When these plants were flowering, hand-pollination crossings were conducted among colchicine-treated plants that were at least partially polyploid, among diploid control plants, and tetraploid control plants. These crosses were done to mitigate the side effects of colchicine. The seeds resulting from these crossings were used to grow F1 plants. When the F1 plants were well established, leaf material of all colchicine-treated plants and a subset of the diploid and tetraploid control plants was collected and analyzed using flow cytometry (conducted by Plant Cytometry Service [https://www.plantcytometry.nl/] with A. schoenoprasum as internal standard) to verify plant ploidy level, and floral scent was collected using headspace sorption. The scent samples were analyzed using thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). Peak areas of floral scent compounds were integrated and converted to absolute amounts in ng per h per flower based on an external standard including benzaldehyde, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, and linalool (racemic mixture). The absolute amounts of all floral scent compounds were summed up to calculate the emission rate. In addition, the relative amount of compounds was calculated by dividing the absolute amount of each compound by the total absolute amount of the sample hence it is unitless (i.e., the emission rate), and the number of floral scent compounds per sample was counted.
For details, see:
Schlager E, Dötterl S, Thompson JN, Friberg M, Gross K. 2025. Direct effects of polyploidization on floral scent. Journal of Chemical Ecology.