Lightning data for Jupiter's stealth superstorms in 2021-2022
Data files
Feb 25, 2026 version files 5.96 GB
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clusterstats_PJ38.h5
1.86 GB
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clusterstats_PJ39.h5
1.24 GB
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clusterstats_PJ44.h5
1.43 GB
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clusterstats_PJ47.h5
1.42 GB
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README.md
3.75 KB
Abstract
The Juno spacecraft recorded lightning radio pulses in channel 1 (600 MHz or 50 cm) of the Microwave Radiometer (MWR). The data come from four orbital passes that encountered meteorologically unique "stealth superstorms" in 2021-2022. The data are the foundation for an article finding that the power emitted by Jupiter's lightning pulses in these storms may be similar to that coming from storms on Earth. This dataset consists of binary files containing lightning intensity and geometrical data, and Jupyter notebooks used to read the binaries and generate the plots in the manuscript.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3j9kd51vs
Description of the data and file structure
HDF5 data files
The clusterstats_PJ*.h5 data files contain the processed Juno lightning data. The *.ipynb files are Jupyter Notebooks, which are annotated Python scripts. For preservation and readability, there are also non-executable PDF versions of these notebooks, *.ipynb.pdf.
These are the elements of the HDF5 files:
EIRP_boresightLightning power (W), dim: {n_samples}EIRP_clusterLightning power (W), dim: {n_samples}NELP_binfloorsBin floors for NELP statisticsNELP_boresightLightning noise floor (W), dim: {n_samples}NELP_clusterLightning noise floor (W), dim: {n_samples}T_AAntenna temperature (K), dim: {n_samples}alpha_clusterAttenuation factor, dim: {n_samples}area_footprintsCoverage of each footprint, dim: {n_lats, n_nelpbins, n_samples}area_surveyedCumulative coverage, dim: {n_lats, n_nelpbins}cluster_latLatitude of the cluster source {SCALAR}cluster_lonLongitude of the cluster source {SCALAR}cluster_proximity_toleranceParameter {SCALAR}clusterproc_codedatePipeline version information {SCALAR}clusterproc_commentPipeline version information {SCALAR}clusterproc_versionPipeline version information {SCALAR}dT_AAnomalous antenna temperature due to lightning (K), dim: {n_samples}flag_clusterFlag: is the cluster in view during this sample? dim: {n_samples}flag_clusterzapFlag: is the cluster in view + lightning detected during this sample? dim: {n_samples}flag_lightningFlag: is lightning detected during this sample? dim: {n_samples}latbinsLatitude values for area bins, dim: {n_lats}latitude_boresightLatitude of boresight intersection with Jupiter 1-bar surface, dim: {n_samples}latitude_spacecraftLatitude of sub-spacecraft point, dim: {n_samples}latresLattude resolution {SCALAR}longitude_boresightLongitude of boresight intersection with Jupiter 1-bar surface, dim: {n_samples}longitude_spacecraftLongitude of sub-spacecraft point, dim: {n_samples}n_NELPbinsNumber of NELP bins {SCALAR}n_latbinsNumber of latitude bins {SCALAR}perijoveJuno perijove number {SCALAR}range_boresightRange from spacecraft to boresight intersection with Jupiter 1-bar surface, dim: {n_samples}range_clusterRange from spacecraft to cluster location, dim: {n_samples}range_spacecraftRange from spacecraft to subspacecraft point on Jupiter 1-bar surface, dim: {n_samples}sig_KValue of 1-sigma noise level, dim: {n_samples}residIntensity of lightning in units ofsig_K, dim: {n_samples}theta_clusterAngular offset from boresight to cluster, dim: {n_samples}
Code/software
Jupyter Notebook is needed, along with Python 3 and the packages listed at the top of each notebook. If this is the future and Python 3 is no longer available, the PDF versions of the notebooks enable the operation of the code to be followed.
Access information
Data was derived from the following sources:
The data were collected by the MWR (Janssen et al. 2017) on the Juno spacecraft (Bolton et al. 2017). Processing for lightning identification was described in Oyafuso et al. (2020). Calculation of lightning power under the cluster-source assumption is described in the associated manuscript by Wong et al.
