This dataset provides core numerical experimental support for investigating how rapid phase transitions of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) excite atmospheric wave trains propagating toward the Arctic, using the Linear Baroclinic Model (LBM). It aims to elucidate the dynamic mechanisms through which tropical sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) forcing influences mid- to high-latitude atmospheric circulation.

The dataset primarily comprises outputs from numerical experiments, categorized into forcing field data and atmospheric response field data. The forcing field data consist of SSTA fields used to drive the LBM. The atmospheric response field data record the simulated atmospheric circulation anomaly responses generated by the LBM under specific SSTA forcing, with key variables such as geopotential height anomalies employed to trace the propagation path of the Rossby wave train toward the Arctic.

This dataset directly provides causal evidence linking specific tropical SSTA forcing to mid- and high-latitude teleconnection wave trains. The data were generated by the authors using licensed LBM code from LBM website. Any original forcing fields derived from public reanalysis data were used in compliance with their respective terms of use. Data users are requested to cite this dataset and any associated research paper in their published work.