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Supporting data of SWOT detects dispersive tsunami tied to near-trench tsunamigenesis in 2025 Kamchatka earthquake

Sepúlveda, Ignacio1; Gabriel, Alice-Agnes23; Yu, Yao23; Sandwell, David23; Nilsson, Bjarke4; Carvajal, Matias5; Brandin, Matthew23

Published Feb 03, 2026 on Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6wwpzgncc

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Abstract

Tsunamis from large subduction earthquakes pose severe coastal hazards, yet their genesis near the trench remains poorly constrained by land-based seismic–geodetic data and distant deep water sensors. Following the 29 July 2025 M8.8 Kamchatka earthquake, the SWOT satellite captured a distinct train of short-wavelength tsunami waves, which we link to near-trench tsunamigenesis. Sensitivity analyses of earthquake slip indicate tsunamigenesis within ~10 km of the trench — an inference not attainable from land geodesy or sparse deep-water seafloor pressure records alone. These results provide the first high-resolution, two-dimensional spaceborne observation directly linking the measured dispersive tsunami wavefield to near-trench tsunamigenesis, extending earlier model and gauge-based inferences. They establish SWOT as a transformative constraint on source processes, with implications for tsunami-hazard science and subduction-zone geodynamics.