Species and supraspecies lists and richness of macrofauna from the Far Eastern seas, eastern Arctic seas, and adjacent waters of the Pacific and Arctic Oceans
Data files
Aug 20, 2025 version files 9.88 MB
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README.md
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Supplement_1.docx
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Supplement_1.pdf
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Supplement_2.docx
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Supplement_2.pdf
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Supplement_3.docx
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Supplement_3.pdf
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Table_S2.csv
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Table_S3.csv
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Table_S4.csv
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Table_S5.csv
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Abstract
These are primary and additional materials (tables and figures) for the article Volvenko, I. V., Gebruk, A. V., Katugin, O. N., Vinogradov, G. M., & Orlov, A. M. (2023). What can supraspecies richness tell us? Geographical Research, 1–9.
It shows that species and higher taxa richness strongly correlate with each other. Therefore, species richness can be assessed using genus, family, or order richness. However, supraspecies richness itself can tell us the same as species richness. Certain laws revealed at the species level could be discovered at the supraspecies level. The use of supraspecies richness in biogeography, ecology, palaeontology, and conservation is expedient and beneficial.
Supplement 1 contains tables with data: Table S1— Parameters of samples used to generate the checklists; Table S2—Species list; Table S3—Genus list; Table S4—Family list; Table S5—Order list; Table S6—Species and supraspecies richness, based on the data in tables S2–S5.
Supplement 2 contains additional figures and a table based on the data from Supplement 1: Figures S1–S7—Relationship between taxonomic richness in different biotopes and taxocenes, and the surveyed area and sample size; Figures S8–S16—Taxonomic richness in different biotopes and taxocenes in marine basins; Figures S17–S25—Relationship between species and supraspecies richness in different biotopes and taxocenes; Table S7—Regression parameters for species richness calculations using supraspecies richness.
Supplement 3 contains a table and figures with calculations for abbreviated taxonomic lists (without rows containing sp., gen. sp., etc.): Table S8—Species and supraspecies richness based on data in the abbreviated Tables S2–S5, from which rows with inaccurate identifications have been removed before richness calculation; Figures S26–S53—The same figures as in Supplement 2 but based on Table S8 data.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8w9ghx3n8
Supplements to the paper Volvenko, I. V., Gebruk, A. V., Katugin, O. N., Vinogradov, G. M., & Orlov, A. M. (2023). What can supraspecies richness tell us? Geographical Research, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12594
Supplement 1. Tables with source data
- Supplement_1.docx
- Supplement_1.pdf
- Table_S2.csv
- Table_S3.csv
- Table_S4.csv
- Table_S5.csv
Table S1. Samples parameters used to generate checklists (see Tables S2-S5).
Note: Maximum depth (with only few trawl hauls) is shown in parentheses; total sampling area was calculated as the sum of areas covered by trawl hauls; area of a trawl haul was calculated by multiplying trawl horizontal opening by trawling distance
Table S2. Macrofauna species list in the study area (Fig. 1 in the paper) based on the dataset available in the Pacific Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO, Vladivostok). Here and in tables below taxa are given as follows: 1 – vertebrates (fishes and cyclostomes), 2 – mollusks, 3 – crustaceans, 4 – echinoderms, 5 – other invertebrates and tunicates. Gear: Mid – midwater (pelagic) trawl, Bot – bottom trawl. Depths: ≤ 200 m (shelf) sublittoral and epipelagic zones, ≥ 200 m (slope) bathyal and mesopelagic zones. Basins: A – Arctic Ocean, L – Laptev Sea, E – East Siberian Sea, C – Chukchi Sea, B – Bering Sea, O – Sea of Okhotsk, J – Sea of Japan, P – Pacific Ocean.
Species occurrence:
- “–” absent; Note: this character may appear as "ñ" on Macs.
- “+” present
- “*” known from a basin based on publications, but absent from our samples.
Note. Not all individuals were identified to a species. In order not to underestimate species richness due to that, genus (sp.), family (gen. sp.) and order (fam. gen. sp.) rows remain, because they correspond to at least one more species.
Table S3. List of macrofauna genera in the study area (Fig. 1 in the paper) based on the dataset available in the Pacific Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO, Vladivostok). Designations are given in Table S2.
Note. Not all individuals were identified to a genus. In order not to underestimate genus richness due to that, rows remain for families (gen. sp.) and orders (fam. gen. sp.), because they correspond to at least one more genus.
Table S4. List of macrofauna families in the study area (Fig. 1 in the paper) based on the dataset available in the Pacific Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO, Vladivostok). Designations are given in Table S2.
Note. Not all individuals were identified to a family. In order not to underestimate family richness due to that, rows remain for orders (fam. gen. sp.), because they correspond to at least one more family.
Table S5. List of macrofauna orders in the study area (Fig. 1 in the paper) based on the dataset available in the Pacific Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO, Vladivostok). Designations are given in Table S2.
Note: 1 – after Bouchet et al (2017). 2 – since recently, Polychaeta incertae sedis has been used (e.g.: Struck, 2015). Orders of Cephalopoda are given as in Nesis (1987).
Table S6. Species and supraspecies richness: number of items at different taxonomic levels in the basins and (in brackets) in samples based on all data in tables S2-S5.
Note: Сounting procedure is described in the Method section.
Supplement 2. Additional figures and a table based on the data
- Supplement_2.docx
- Supplement_2.pdf
Figure S1. Pelagic taxonomic richness (Y-axеs, taxon number) versus survey area (X-axes on left graphs, km2) and sample size (X-axes on right graphs, number of sampled individuals). Logarithmic scale is used in this and other figures. Data are taken from Tables S1 and S6. Numbers above the line are Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Similar graphs for abbreviated data are given in Supplement 3.
Figure S2. Benthic taxonomic richness versus survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S1.
Figure S3. Vertebrates taxonomic richness versus survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S1.
Figure S4. Vertebrates taxonomic richness versus survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S1.
Figure S5. Vertebrates taxonomic richness versus survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S1.
Figure S6. Crustaceans taxonomic richness versus survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S1.
Figure S7. Echinoderms taxonomic richness versus and survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S1.
Figure S8. Pelagic taxonomic richness in different basins. Here and in other figures, basins are shown from north to south along the X-axis: A – Arctic Ocean, L – Laptev Sea, E – East Siberian Sea, C – Chukchi Sea, B – Bering Sea, O – Sea of Okhotsk, J – Sea of Japan, P – Pacific Ocean. Y-axis shows number of taxa in logarithmic scale. Numbers above the line show values of richness as in Table S6. Similar graphs for abbreviated data are given in Supplement 3.
Figure S9. Benthic taxonomic richness in different basins. Designations are in Figure S8.
Figure S10. Sublittoral and epipelagic taxonomic richness in different basins. Designations are in Figure S8.
Figure S11. Bathyal and mesopelagic taxonomic richness in different basins. Designations are in Figure S8.
Figure S12. Vertebrates taxonomic richness in different basins. Designations are in Figure S8.
Figure S13. Invertebrates taxonomic richness in different basins. Designations are in Figure S8.
Figure S14. Mollusks taxonomic richness in different basins. Designations are in Figure S8.
Figure S15. Crustaceans taxonomic richness in different basins. Designations are in Figure S8.
Figure S16. Echinoderms taxonomic richness in different basins. Indications as in Figure S8.
Figure S17. Correlation of species and different levels of supraspecies richness in the pelagic zone. Data from Table S6 were used to construct graphs in this and next figures. Similar graphs for abbreviated data are given in Supplement 3.
Figure S18. Correlation of species and different levels of supraspecies richness in the benthic zone.
Figure S19. Correlation of species and different levels of supraspecies richness at depths ≤200 m.
Figure S20. Correlation of species and different levels of supraspecies richness at depths ≥200 m.
Figure S21. Correlation of species and different levels of supraspecies richness in vertebrates.
Figure S22. Correlation of species and different levels of supraspecies richness in invertebrates.
Figure S23. Correlation of species and different levels of supraspecies richness in mollusks.
Figure S24. Correlation of species and different levels of supraspecies richness in crustaceans.
Figure S25. Correlation of species and different levels of supraspecies richness in echinoderms.
Table S7. Regression parameters for calculation of species richness (S) from genus (G), family (F) and order (O) richness.
Supplement 3. Table and figures for abbreviated taxonomic lists (without rows containing sp., gen. sp., etc.)
- Supplement_3.docx
- Supplement_3.pdf
Table S8. Species and supraspecies richness: number of items at different taxonomic levels in marine basins and samples(in brackets) in abbreviated Tables S2-S5, from which rows with inaccurate animal identifications (shown as "sp.", "gen. sp.", "fam. gen. sp.", "gen.", "fam. gen.", and "fam.") have been removed prior to calculation of richness.
Note: Numbers in bold indicate cases where genera outnumber species, families outnumber genera, and orders outnumber families. Next figures are based on this table.
Figure S26. Taxonomic richness calculated from abbreviated lists (Y-axеs, taxon number) and its relationship to survey area (X-axes on left graphs, km2) and sample size (X-axes on right graphs, number of sampled individuals). Here and in other figures, logarithmic scale is used. Data are taken from Tables S1 and S8. Numbers above the line indicate Pearson’s correlation coefficients.
Figure S27. Pelagic taxonomic richness calculated from abbreviated lists and its relationship to survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S26.
Figure S28. Benthic taxonomic richness calculated from abbreviated lists and its relationship to survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S26.
Figure S29. Vertebrates taxonomic richness calculated from abbreviated lists and its relationship to survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S26.
Figure S30. Invertebrates taxonomic richness calculated from abbreviated lists and its relationship to survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S26.
Figure S31. Mollusks taxonomic richness calculated from abbreviated lists and its relationship to survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S26.
Figure S32. Crustaceans taxonomic richness calculated from abbreviated lists and its relationship to survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S26.
Figure S33. Echinoderms taxonomic richness calculated from abbreviated lists and its relationship to survey area and sample size. Designations are in Figure S26.
Figure S34. Taxonomic richness, calculated from abbreviated lists, in different basins. Here and in other figures, basins are shown from north to south along the X-axis: A – Arctic Ocean, L – Laptev Sea, E – East Siberian Sea, C – Chukchi Sea, B – Bering Sea, O – Sea of Okhotsk, J – Sea of Japan, P – Pacific Ocean. Y-axis shows number of taxa in logarithmic scale. Values of richness from Table S8 are shown near symbols.
Figure S35. Pelagic taxonomic richness, calculated from abbreviated lists, in different basins. Designations are in Figure S34.
Figure S36. Benthic taxonomic richness, calculated from abbreviated lists, in different basins. Indications as in Figure S34.
Figure S37. Sublittoral and epipelagic taxonomic richness, calculated from abbreviated lists, in different basins. Designations are in Figure S34.
Figure S38. Bathyal and mesopelagic taxonomic richness, calculated from abbreviated lists, in different basins. Designations are in Figure S34.
Figure S39. Taxonomic richness, calculated for Vertebrates from abbreviated lists in different basins. Designations are in Figure S34.
Figure S40. Taxonomic richness, calculated for Invertebrates from abbreviated lists in different basins. Designations are in Figure S34.
Figure S41. Taxonomic richness, calculated for Mollusks from abbreviated lists in different basins. Designations are in Figure S34.
Figure S42. Taxonomic richness, calculated for Crustaceans from abbreviated lists in different basins. Designations are in Figure S34.
Figure S43. Taxonomic richness, calculated for Echinoderms from abbreviated lists in different basins. Designations are in Figure S34.
Figure S44. Correlation of species and different supraspecies levels taxonomic richness, calculated from abbreviated lists, in different basins. In this and next figures, data are taken from Table S7.
Figure S45. Correlation of pelagic species and different supraspecies levels taxonomic richness, calculated from abbreviated lists.
Figure S46. Correlation of benthic species and different supraspecies levels taxonomic richness, calculated from abbreviated lists.
Figure S47. Correlation of species and different supraspecies levels taxonomic richness at depths ≤200 m, calculated from abbreviated lists.
Figure S48. Correlation of species and different supraspecies levels taxonomic richness at depths ≥200 m, calculated from abbreviated lists.
Figure S49. Correlation of species and different supraspecies levels taxonomic richness for Vertebrates, calculated from abbreviated lists.
Figure S50. Correlation of species and different supraspecies levels taxonomic richness for Invertebrates, calculated from abbreviated lists.
Figure S51. Correlation of species and different supraspecies levels taxonomic richness for Mollusks, calculated from abbreviated lists.
Figure S52. Correlation of species and different supraspecies levels taxonomic richness for Crustaceans, calculated from abbreviated lists.
Figure S53. Correlation of species and different supraspecies levels taxonomic richness for Echinoderms, calculated from abbreviated lists.
The source data for the present work were taken using mid-water and benthic trawls lined with a 10–12 millimetres (mm) mesh at the cod end from 1977 to 2018 in the seas of Japan and Okhotsk, Bering, Chukchi, East Siberian, Laptev seas and adjacent waters of the Pacific and Arctic Oceans at depths down to 2,200 m.
Based on a full data set (Table S1), the checklist was generated showing presence (+) or absence (–) of each object (identified to the level of species, genus, family, or order) in certain basins at benthic and/or pelagic stations. Objects missing in our samples but present in a basin based on published sources are marked with an asterisk (*) instead of a minus (–). Published sources on the occurrence of species and their taxonomic status include 137 titles, most found in our earlier publications, with several new sources added.
Based on the combined list, lists of species, genera, families, and orders were generated (Tables S2–S5), and for each, the number of cells without minus (–) was calculated per basin. These numbers were used for the evaluation of species, genus, family, and order taxonomic richness of macrofauna (numbers without brackets in Table S6). Cells with plus (+) also were calculated. This number corresponds to the actual taxonomic richness of the sample (numbers in brackets in Table S6), used for comparison with its size.
Similar calculations were made separately for the pelagial and seafloor (catches of mid-water and benthic trawls), depths ≤200 m (sublittoral and epipelagic zones) and ≥200 m (the shelf edge, bathyal zone and mesopelagic zone), and large taxa—vertebrates (fish and cyclostomates), molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms and, in general, all invertebrates including tunicates (see Table S6). The resulting numbers were compared between each other and data from Table S1.
- Volvenko, Igor V.; Gebruk, Andrey V.; Katugin, Oleg N. et al. (2023). What can supraspecies richness tell us?. Geographical Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12594