The impact of zonally symmetric and asymmetric climates on tropical cyclone genesis in coupled Aqua and Ridge Planets
Data files
Sep 20, 2025 version files 7.61 GB
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b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.yr1000_branch_melt_monthly.zip
1.62 GB
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b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66rv1.brdg.yr1000_branch_melt_monthly.zip
1.67 GB
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case_directory.zip
354.02 MB
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GPI.zip
3.96 GB
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README.md
6.32 KB
Abstract
Tropical cyclone genesis and development largely depend on the conduciveness of the large-scale environment. We demonstrate the impact of zonal asymmetry on tropical cyclone genesis magnitude and distribution using two idealized coupled climate models. We first examine a zonally symmetric configuration, “Aqua”, which is a water-covered planet without land except for two polar caps. We then break the zonal symmetry by introducing a single grid-cell-wide strip of idealized continent between the two polar caps on “Ridge". The coupled CESM configurations in this study consist of active atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land components. This dataset includes the output from the atmospheric component (CAM4) and the oceanic component (MOM6) on Aqua and Ridge. The CAM4 data includes monthly surface temperature, precipitation, and surface pressure, and the 100-year climatology of all default output variables. The MOM6 data includes the 100-year climatology of the variables used in this paper. A comparison of Aqua and Ridge allows us to isolate the impact of zonal asymmetries on mean climate, tropical variability, and tropical cyclone genesis.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.9kd51c5wc
Description of the data and file structure
This dataset includes model output and case directories of CESM coupled Aqua and Ridge simulations. The coupled models consist of 1-degree CAM4 and CLM5 plus 2/3-degree MOM6 and CICE5. Both Aqua and Ridge have been integrated for 1100 years. Climatological diagnostics are based on the last 100 years (years 1001–1100). The CESM version used in this simulation is cesm2_3_beta06.
Files and variables
File: GPI.zip
Description: Monthly averaged GPI in 40S--40N and its components on Aqua and Ridge. The name scheme of all files in this directory is $variable_$configuration_monthly.nc.
GPI_clipped_av_*_monthly.nc :
dimension: lon = 288 ; lat = 84 ; time = 1200
variable: GPI_clipped_av(time, lat, lon), monthly GPI, units = m-2s-1
entropy_*_monthly.nc :
dimension: lon = 288 ; lat = 192 ; time = 1200
variables:
ED(time, lat, lon), monthly moist entropy deficit of the middle troposphere, units = non-dimensional
PI_*_monthly.nc :
dimension: lon = 288 ; lat = 84 ; time = 1200
variables:
pmin(time, lat, lon), monthly mininum central pressure, units = hPa
vmax(time, lat, lon), maximum surface wind speed, units = m/s
To(time, lat, lon), outflow temperature, units = K
p_o(time, lat, lon), outflow temperature level, units = hPa
vort_*_monthly.nc :
dimension: lon = 288 ; lat = 192 ; time = 1200; plev = 1
variable:
AV(time, plev, lat, lon), monthly 850hPa absolute vorticity, units = s-1
ws_*_monthly.nc :
dimension: lon = 288 ; lat = 192 ; time = 1200; plev = 1
variable:
ws(time, plev, lat, lon), monthly 250hPa-850hPa vertical wind shear, units = m/s
File: b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.yr1000_branch_melt_monthly.zip
Description: Aqua 100-year climatology and monthly output. Atmosphere/ocean model output is in the atm/ocn directory.
File structure:
b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.yr1000_branch_melt_monthly/
├── atm/
│ ├── b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.yr1000_monthly.cam.h0.nc
│ └── h0_climatology_100year_aqua_mean.nc
└── ocn/
├── b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.theta_clim.nc
└── b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.uh_vh_clim.nc
atm/h0_climatology_100year_aqua_mean.nc: The 100-year average of the full set of default CAM4 output variables.
Variables used in the manuscript
TS_mean(lat, lon) ;
time mean of Surface temperature (radiative)
units = "K"
PRECC_mean(lat, lon) ;
time mean of Convective precipitation rate (liq + ice)
units = "m/s"
PRECL_mean(lat, lon) ;
time mean of Large-scale (stable) precipitation rate (liq + ice)
units = "m/s"
RELHUM_mean(lev, lat, lon);
Time mean of Relative humidity
units = "percent"
U_mean(lev, lat, lon);The
time mean of the Zonal wind
units = "m/s"
V_mean(lev, lat, lon);The
time mean of the Meridional wind
units = "m/s"
OMEGA_mean(lev, lat, lon);
Time mean of Vertical velocity (pressure)
units = "Pa/s"
PS_mean(lat, lon);
Time mean of Surface pressure
units = "Pa"
atm/b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.yr1000_monthly.cam.h0.nc : Monthly surface temperature, precipitation, and surface pressure.
dimension: lon = 288 ; lat = 192 ; time = 1200
PRECC(time, lat, lon) ;
Convective precipitation rate (liq + ice)
units = "m/s"
PRECL(time, lat, lon) ;
Large-scale (stable) precipitation rate (liq + ice)
units = "m/s"
PS(time, lat, lon);
Surface pressure
units = "Pa"
TS(time, lat, lon) ;
Surface temperature (radiative)
units = "K"
ocn/b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.theta_clim.nc : 100-year averaged ocean potential temperature.
dimensions: zl = 57; yh = 466; xh = 540
variable:
thetao_mean(zl, yh, xh) ;
Time mean of Sea Water Potential Temperature
units = "degC"
ocn/b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.uh_vh_clim.nc : 100-year averaged thickness fluxes.
dimensions: zl = 57 ; yh = 466 ; xq = 540 ; yq = 466 ; xh = 540 ;
Variables:
uh_mean(zl, yh, xq) ;
Time mean of Zonal Thickness Flux
units = m3 s-1
uhGM_mean(zl, yh, xq) ;
Time Mean of Time Mean Diffusive Zonal Thickness Flux
units = kg s-1
vh_mean(zl, yq, xh) ;
Time mean of Meridional Thickness Flux
units = m3 s-1
vhGM_mean(zl, yq, xh) ;
Time Mean of Time Mean Diffusive Meridional Thickness Flux
units = kg s-1
File: b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66rv1.brdg.yr1000_branch_melt_monthly.zip
Description: Same as b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.yr1000_branch_melt_monthly.zip but for Ridge 100-year climatology and monthly output.
atm/h0_climatology_100year_rdg_mean.nc : The 100-year average of the full set of default CAM4 output variables.
atm/b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66rv1.brdg.yr1000_monthly.cam.h0.nc : Monthly surface temperature, precipitation, and surface pressure.
ocn/b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66rv1.brdg.theta_clim.nc : 100-year averaged ocean potential temperature.
ocn/b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66rv1.brdg.uh_vh_clim.nc : 100-year averaged thickness fluxes.
File: case_directory.zip
Description: CESM case directories of Aqua and Ridge, including model configurations, parameters, and environments for reproductions.
Case name scheme:
$compset_char.$code_base.$compset.$resolution.$configuration_name.$starting_year.$description
compset_char = b, coupled run
code_base = e23, cesm2_3
compset = BMOM, coupled run with MOM6 as the ocean component
resolution = f09_sx0.66av1/f09_sx0.66rv1, ATM/LND resolution is fv0.9x1.25, OCN/ICE resolution for idealized Aqua (Ridge) is sx0.66av1 (sx0.66rv1).
configuration_name = aqua/rdg
starting_year = 1000. Branch restarts from the year 1000.
/b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.yr1000_branch_melt_monthly
Created with:
./create_newcase --compset 2000_CAM40_CLM50%SP_CICE_MOM6_SROF --res f09_sx066rv1 --run-unsupported
Key changes of run-time parameters in different components are included in user_nl_*, respectively.
All XML changes are tracked in replay.sh.
For more comprehensive model settings for each component, please check /run/*_in. Key parameters in MOM6 are in /run/MOM_input.
/b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66rv1.brdg.yr1000_branch_melt_monthly/
Same file structure as /b.e23.BMOM.f09_sx0.66av1.aqua.yr1000_branch_melt_monthly, but for Ridge.
