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Rivers and roads, silence and songs: female crickets respond similarly to conspecific male song in natural and anthropogenic soundscapes

Etzler, Erik1; ter Hofstede, Hannah2; Ratcliffe, John1

Research facility: University of Toronto
Published Jun 03, 2025; Updated Nov 21, 2025 on Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.b5mkkwhqx

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Abstract

Many studies have demonstrated that anthropogenic noise affects animals’ auditory perception of salient stimuli. Few have tested whether these effects are different from those experienced in nature. We tested the ability of female field crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus, to locate a speaker playing conspecific male song in four background acoustic conditions: silence, road noise, river noise, and heterospecific song. We recorded how successful crickets were in reaching the correct speaker in each condition, as well as varying other metrics for the ones that were successful, such as speed, path length and latency to start. Crickets paused more frequently during river noise and heterospecific song treatments compared to silence or road noise. We also recorded auditory interneuron (AN2) activity under the first three background conditions to construct and compare condition-specific audiograms and AN2 response to conspecific song. We examined the the thresholds of response for AN2 at difference frequencies and how responsive it was to male under said noise conditions. AN2 thresholds for 6 kHz sounds (the frequency close to male song frequency) were highest in river noise, while heterospecific song increased baseline AN2 activity and reduced AN2 activity to conspecific song onset. Together, our results suggest road noise is not a qualitatively greater disturbance than is river noise.