Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz6fj

Description of the data and file structure

Basin-wise occurrence and morphological trait data of freshwater fishes of the Western Ghats     

Files and variables

This dataset consists of a one main SahyadriFish.zip folder

SahyadriFish.xlsx: Basin-wise occurrence and morphological trait data of freshwater fishes of the Western Ghats           

Spatial grain: Basin at 7-8 Pfafstatter level

Spatial extent: The Western Ghats Hotspot Region

Taxa: Freshwater Fish

Database management & Curation: Rohitashva Shukla, Kartik Shanker, Neelesh Dahanukar, Rajeev Raghavan, J A Johnson, Anuradha Bhat, Vidyadhar Atkore

Inquiry contact: Rohitashva Shukla (shukla_rohitashva@yahoo.co.in)

Database file format: Excel             

Cite Dataset As: Shukla R et al. 2025 Data from: Endemic fish promote ecological structure in a tropical biodiversity hotspot. Dryad Digital Repository (DOI:10.5061/dryad.cc2fqz6fj)

Datasheets names: SahyadriFish_trait, SahyadriFish_occur, SahyadriFish_occur_ref

SahyadriFish_trait: This datasheet contains functional trait information for 325 freshwater fish species of the Western Ghats of India. All morphological features are measured in centimeter.

·       Species: Species observed in the Western Ghats

·       Endemism (character): Assigned endemic status to each species based on Dahanukar et al. (2004)

·       Family (character): Family of a species

·       Genus (character): Genus of a species

·       MBL (decimal): Maximum body length (in centimeter)

·       MBL_log: log transformed maximum body length

·       BEL (decimal): Body elongation (standard length/maximum body depth; variables measured in centimeter)

·       VEP (decimal): Vertical eye position (eye position/maximum body depth; variables measured in centimeter)

·       RES (decimal): Relative eye size (eye depth/head depth; variables measured in centimeter)

·       OGP (decimal): Oral gap position (mouth position/maximum body depth; variables measured in centimeter)

·       BLS (decimal): Body lateral shape (head depth/maximum body depth; variables measured in centimeter)

·       PFV (decimal): Pectoral fin vertical position (pectoral fin position/maximum body depth; variables measured in centimeter)

·       PFS (decimal): Pectoral fin size (pectoral fin length/standard length; variables measured in centimeter)

·       CPT (decimal): Caudal peduncle throttling (maximum caudal fin depth/caudal peduncle depth; variables measured in centimeter)

·       Specimen_type (character): Type of specimen used in data extraction (S-live specimen, IL- original illustration)

·       Ref_traits (character): Original source of the data

SahyadriFish_occur : Species occurrences in 59 river basins

·       Species (character): Species observed in the Western Ghats

·       Endemism (character): Assigned endemic status to each species based on Dahanukar et al. (2004) (end- endemic, ne- non-endemic)

·       Ecological roles (character): Species are categorized into Rare, Common-redundant, Restricted Redundant & widespread-nonredundant categories. NE category is assigned to non-endemic species. These categories were assigned to species based on their position in functional and taxonomic bidimensional space

·       T_restricted (character): Endemic species were categorized in taxonomic restricted and widespread category based on their geographical restrictedness (Ri) values

·       F_distinct (character): Endemic species were categorized in functional distinct and redundant category based on their global distinctiveness (Di) values

·       Presence (character): Species presence in east or west or both side of the escarpment

·       body_form (character): Species are categorized according to their body forms (e.g., carp, carp-minnow, catfish, sucker catfish, snakehead, leaf fish, loach, etc.) 

·       Aghnashini (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Amravathi (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Anjarkandy (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Bedti (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Bhadra (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Bharathapuzha (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Bhavani (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Bhima (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Cauvery_up (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Chaliyar (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Darna (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Doodhganga (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Ghataprabha (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Godavari_up (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Hemavathi (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Ithikkara (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Kabini (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Kadalundi (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Kadwa (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Kali (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Kallada (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Karamana (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Korapuzha (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Koyna (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Krishna_up (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Kukadi (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Kundalika (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Kuppam (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Kuttiyadi (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)Mahadai

·       Malaprabha (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Meenachil (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Mula-Mutha (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Muvattupuzha (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Nethrawathi (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Neyyar (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Nira (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Pampa (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Panchganga (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Panjhara (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Payaswini (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Periya (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Puzhakkal (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Savithri (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Sharavathi (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Shiriya (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Sita (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Suvarna (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Tambraparani (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Thamiraparani (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Thejaswini (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Tunga (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Ulhas (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Vaigai (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Valapattnam (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Vamanpuram (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Varahi (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Warna (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

·       Zuari (binary): Species presence (1) and absence (0)

SahyadriFish_occur_ref: A list of selected peer reviewed papers, and other important reports, theses and documents used for the compilation of basin-wise species occurrence data.

SahyadriFish_Readme: Information related to the SahyadriFish.xlsx

R Scripts & datafiles

null_model_24_5_24.R: This script is used to generate the null communities from the overall species by basin presence-absence data (i.e. nullmodel_com_2_10_22.csv). The number of endemic species were counted from the null communities and the standardized effect sizes were calculated using the observed and null richness values. ‘picante’ package was used to perform the null model analysis. This script is also used to plot the effect size values (i.e. SES_group_3_10_22.csv) comparing east- and west-flowing basins. Box plots were plotted using ‘ggplot2’ and ‘ggbeeswarm’ package.

nullmodel_com_2_10_22.csv: This file contains species by basin community data used in the null model analysis (i.e null_model_24_5_24.R) which considered only endemic species.

·       Species: Species found in the Western Ghats region.      

·       Endemism: Assigned endemic status to each species based on Dahanukar et al. (2004). 

·       Rarity: Endemic species are categorized into Rare, Common-redundant, Restricted Redundant & widespread-nonredundant categories. NE category means non-endemic. These categories were assigned to species based on their position in functional and taxonomic bidimensional space.

·       Rarity_categories: Endemic species are categorized into Rare, redundant, & widespread-nonredundant categories. NE category means non-endemic. 

·       T_restricted: Endemic species were categorized in taxonomic restricted and widespread category based on their geographical restrictedness (Ri) values.

·       F_distinct: Endemic species were categorized in functional distinct and redundant category based on their global distinctiveness (Di) values.

·       Aghnashini- Zuari (59 columns): Species presence (1) and absence (0) in 59 river basins.

SES_group_3_10_22.csv: This file contains the standardized richness values for different categories of endemic species.

·       Basin name: River basins included in the study

·       position: Basins situated north of Palghat gap in east (NPE) and west (NPW), and basins that are situated south of Palghat gap in eastern (SPE) and western (SPW) sides of the Western Ghats Escarpment.     

·       flow: Basins categorized based on whether they flow towards east or west

·       gap: Basins categorized based on whether they are situated north (NP) or south (SP) of Palghat gap.  

·       ses_EndRich: Standardized overall endemic species richness

·       ses_NeRich: Standardized overall non-endemic species richness

·       ses_rare: Standardized rare endemic species richness   

·       ses_common: Standardized common endemic species richness          

·       ses_rest_redun: Standardized geographically restricted and trait-redundant endemic species richness     

·       ses_wide_nonredun: Standardized geographically widespread trait-distinct endemic species richness

·       ses_redun: Standardized trait-redundant endemic species richness          

·       ses_T_restrict: Standardized geographically restricted endemic species richness.

·       ses_T_wide: Standardized geographically widespread endemic species richness   

·       ses_F_distinct: Standardized trait-distinct endemic species richness       

·       ses_F_redund: Standardized trait-redundant endemic species richness

null_model_allsp_01_09_25.R: This script is used to generate the null communities from the overall basin by species presence-absence data (i.e.nullmodel_com_2_10_22_1.csv). The number of GW-TD, Rare, GR-TR & Common species (i.e. both endemics and non-endemics) were counted from the generated null communities and the standardized richness values were calculated using observed and null richness values. ‘picante’ package was used to perform the null model analysis. This script is also used to plot the standardized richness values for GW-TD, Rare, GR-TR & Common species (i.e. SES_group_3_10_22_1.csv) comparing east- and west-flowing basins. Box plots were plotted using ‘ggplot2’ and ‘ggbeeswarm’ package.

nullmodel_com_2_10_22_1.csv: This file contains species by basin community data used in the null model analysis (i.e null_model_allsp_01_09_25.R) considering both endemic and non-endemic species.

·       Species: Species found in the Western Ghats region.      

·       Endemism: Endemism status assigned to each species based on Dahanukar et al. (2004). 

·       Rarity: Endemic species are categorized into Rare, Common-redundant, Restricted Redundant & widespread-nonredundant categories. NE category means non-endemic. These categories were assigned to species based on their position in functional and taxonomic bidimensional space.

·       Rarity_all: Both endemic and non-endemic species are categorized into Rare, redundant, & widespread-nonredundant categories.

·       Rarity_categories: Endemic species are categorized into Rare, redundant, & widespread-nonredundant categories. NE category means non-endemic. 

·       T_restricted: All species were categorized in taxonomic restricted and widespread category based on their geographical restrictedness (Ri) values.

·       F_distinct: All species were categorized in functional distinct and redundant category based on their global distinctiveness (Di) values.

·       Aghnashini- Zuari (59 columns): Species presence (1) and absence (0) in 59 river basins.

SES_group_3_10_22_1.csv: This file contains the standardized richness values for different categories of species. This includes results obtained from all species analysis including both endemic and non-endemic species. First 15 columns are same as explained in SES_group_3_10_22.csv file.

·       ses_rare_all: Standardized rare species richness

·       ses_common_all: Standardized common species richness             

·       ses_rest_redun_all: Standardized geographically restricted trait-redundant species richness    

·       ses_wide_nonredun_all: Standardized geographically widespread trait-distinct species richness

·       ses_T_restrict_all: Standardized geographically restricted species richness       

·       ses_T_wide_all: Standardized geographically widespread species richness       

·       ses_F_distinct_all: Standardized functionally distinct species richness       

·       ses_F_redund_all: Standardized functionally redundant species richness

PCA_trait_funrar_3_6_24.R: This script is used to calculate geographical restrictedness (Ri) and global functional distinctiveness (Di) values for all observed species using the package ‘funrar’. In next step, we calculated the restrictedness for all species that are found in only east, only west and both sides of the escarpment. Then, we plotted Di and Ri values of species in a bidimensional space and compared them across east and west. Box plots were plotted using ‘ggplot2’ and ‘ggbeeswarm’ package.

traitafterimpute_group.csv: This file contains functional traits for 325 species that are found in the Western Ghats. We imputed missing data values (5.8%) on the species*trait matrix using the R package “missForest”.

·       Species: Species found in the Western Ghats region.      

·       Endemism: Assigned endemic status to each species based on Dahanukar et al. (2004).

·       genus: Genus of the species

·       family: Family of the species

·       West: Number of basins a species occupies in west

·       East: Number of basins a species occupies in east           

·       Presence: Presence of species in east, west or in both sides of the escarpment       

·       Presence_end_status: Presence of endemic (end) and non-endemic (ne) species in east, west or in both sides of the escarpment.        

·       body_form: Species are categorized according to their body forms (leaf fish, carp, loach, carp-minnow, glassfish, snakehead etc.).        

·       body_form_major: Species are categorized according to their major body forms (e.g., carp, carp-minnow, catfish, sucker catfish, snakehead, leaf fish, loach, etc.) 

·       MBL: Maximum body length (in cm)

·       MBL_log: log transformed maximum body length

·       BEL: Body elongation (standard length/maximum body depth; variables were measured in cm)            

·       VEP: Vertical eye position (eye position/maximum body depth; variables measured in cm)  

·       RES: Relative eye size (eye depth/head depth; variables measured in cm)           

·       OGP: Oral gap position (mouth position/maximum body depth; variables measured in cm)       

·       BLS: Body lateral shape (head depth/maximum body depth; variables measured in cm)

·       PFV: Pectoral fin vertical position (pectoral fin position/maximum body depth; variables measured in cm)

·       PFS: Pectoral fin size (pectoral fin length/standard length; variables measured in cm)

·       CPT: Caudal peduncle throttling (maximum caudal fin depth/caudal peduncle depth; variables measured in cm)

com_t_26_9_22.csv: This file contains basin by species community data used in the calculation (i.e PCA_trait_funrar_3_6_24.R) of geographical restrictedness (Ri) and global functional distinctiveness (Di).

·       sites:  59 river basins of the Western Ghats region

·       Species (1-325): Species presence (1) and absence (0) in 59 river basins

comdata_15_09_22.csv: This file contains species by basin community data used in the calculation of geographical restrictedness (Ri) and functional distinctiveness (Di) (PCA_trait_funrar_3_6_24.R).

·       Species: Species found in the Western Ghats region

·       Endemism: Endemic status assigned to species based on Dahanukar et al. (2004).

·       genus: Genus of the species

·       family: Family of the species

·       Basin (1-59): Species presence (1) and absence (0) in 59 river basins

only_east_2_4_23.csv: Geographical restrictedness values of the species that are only found in east-flowing basins.

·       Species: Species found in the eastern side of the Western Ghats

·       Ri_east: Geographical restrictedness (Ri) values

only_west_2_4_23.csv: Geographical restrictedness values of the species that are only found in west-flowing basins.

·       Species: Species found in the western side of the Western Ghats

·       Ri_west: Geographical restrictedness (Ri) values

funrar_results_28_9_22.csv: Uniqueness (Ui), global distinctiveness (Di) and geographical restrictedness (Ri) values of all species that are found in the Western Ghats. First twenty (20) columns are similar as explained in traitafterimpute_group.csv.

·       Ui: Species uniqueness values

·       global_Di: Species global distinctiveness (Di) values        

·       Ri: Geographical restrictedness values (Ri) values

Rest_dist_box_12_10_22.csv: Global distinctiveness (Di) and geographical restrictedness (Ri) values of all species that are found in the Western Ghats.

·       Species: Species that are found in the Western Ghats     

·       Endemism: Endemic status assigned to species based on Dahanukar et al. (2004).       

·       global_Di: Species global distinctiveness (Di) values        

·       Ri: Geographical restrictedness values (Ri) values             

·       Presence: Species presence in eastern or western side of the Western Ghats Escarpment

ctree_%basin_24_05_2024.R: Script is used to run the classification and regression tree (ctree) analysis to test which environmental variable drive the differences in standardized richness values for overall endemic, GW-TD, Rare, GR-TR & common endemic species across the Western Ghats Escarpment. ‘partykit’ package is used to run the ctree analysis. This script is also used to calculate the percentage of basins situated above and below the null expectation (i.e zero line in box plot) in endemic species richness comparisons.

env_7_10_22.csv: This file contains the basin-wise values for environmental variables.

·       Basin: 59 river basins included in the study

·       flow.dir: The direction of the water flow- east (1) & west (0)

·       Position: Basins situated north of Palghat gap in east (NPE) and west (NPW), and basins that are situated south of Palghat gap in eastern (SPE) and western (SPW) side of the Escarpment.

·       flow: Basins categorized based on whether a basin flows towards east or west

·       gap: Basins categorized based on whether they are situated north (NP) or south (SP) of Palghat gap        

·       SpRich: Observed species richness in each basin             

·       EndRich: Observed endemic species richness in each basin  

·       area: Total area of a basin in km²

·       str.dens: Stream density (total length of riverine channel network in km / surface area of the studied subbasin in km²)       

·       soc: Soil organic carbon in tonnes/hectare            

·       dis.pyr : Annual average water discharge (cubic meters/second)

·       soil.div: Soil diversity (Shannon index)

·       cover.div: Land cover diversity (Shannon index)       

·       classarea: Percentage of basin area above 1000-meter altitude            

·       alt.mean: Mean elevation (meter)   

·       alt.min: Minimum elevation (meter)

·       alt.max: Maximum elevation (meter)           

·       alt.range: elevation range     

·       HI.index: Hypsometric index             

·       slope.mean: Mean slope (in degrees)         

·       rad.cv:  Solar radiation annual variability

·       rad.sum: Overall annual sum of solar radiation (KJ/m²/day)

·       aet.sum: Overall annual sum of actual evapotranspiration (mm)   

·       aet.cv: Overall annual variability of actual evapotranspiration

·       prec.bio12: Precipitation (annual mean; in millimetres)  

·       prec.cv.bio15: Precipitation annual variability (seasonality)             

·       t.mean.bio1: Temperature (annual mean; in degrees)      

·       t.range.bio7: Temperature (annual range)  

·       varbio1: Quaternary climatic stability (annual mean temperature) 

·       varbio7: Quaternary climatic stability (temperature variability)      

·       varbio12: Quaternary climatic stability (annual mean precipitation)

·       varbio15: Quaternary climatic stability (precipitation variability)      

·       dor.pva: Degree of regulation (in %)

·       ppd.sav: Population density (people per km²)        

·       rdd.sav: Road density (meters per km²)      

·       urb.sse: Urban extent (in %)

·       pac.sse: Protected area (in %)          

·       xcoord : Centroid location of a basin (longitude in ˚E).

·       ycoord : Centroid location of a basin (latitude in ˚N).

·       Perc_800: Percentage of basin area above 800-meter altitude                          

·       Column logArea to column arcsinHI: Transformed variables (log or arcsine)      

·       Column logAreaS to column slope.meanS: Standardized variables (z score; mean=0, standard deviation=1)

·       clim1, clim2, energy1, energy2, iso1, iso2, history1, history2: Variables derived from PCA analysis conducted on all climate, all energy, all isolation and all Quaternary history variables.       

·       Column ses_EndRich to column ses_F_redund: Same as explained in SES_group_3_10_22.csv file.

percentage_basins.csv: Percentage of standardized endemic richness values situated above and below the null expectation (zero line).

·       perc_east_plus: Percentage of east-flowing basins above the null expectation 

·       perc_east_minus: Percentage of east-flowing basins below the null expectation

·       perc_west_plus: Percentage of west-flowing basins above the null expectation 

·       perc_west_minus: Percentage of west-flowing basins below the null expectation

RDA_analysis_19_12_23: This script is used to perform Canonical Redundancy Analysis (RDA), Moran’s Eigenvector Maps (MEM) and variance partitioning analysis. The analysis is conducted using ‘vegan’, ‘adespatial’, and ‘spacemakeR’ package.

com_end_beta_9_5_23.csv: Basin by species community data (only endemic species are included).

·       Basin: basins included in the study

·       Species (1-223): presence (1) and absence (0) of each species

env_all_6_12_23.csv: Variables and their values are same as described in env_7_10_22.csv file.

GWFD_all_14_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of geographically widespread and functionally distinct endemic species.

·       Basin: 59 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

rare_all_20_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of Rare endemic species.

·       Basin: 59 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

common_all_20_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of common endemic species.

·       Basin: 59 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

GRFR_all_20_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of GRFR endemic species.

·       Basin: 59 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

connectivity.csv: Connectivity matrix (59*59) which is used to calculate spatial MEM predictors

weight_matrix.csv: Spatial weight matrix (59 * 59) which is used to calculate spatial MEM predictors

euclid_west_8_12_23.csv: Connectivity weight square matrix (35 * 35) of west-flowing river basins which is used to calculate spatial MEM predictors

com_end_west_all.csv: Basin by species community data (only endemic species are included) of west-flowing river basins.

·       Basin: 35 west-flowing basins included in the study

·       Species: presence (1) and absence (0) of each species

GWFD_west_8_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of geographically widespread and functionally distinct endemic species that are found in west-flowing river basins.

·       Basin: 35 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

rare_west_22_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of Rare endemic species that are found in west-flowing river basins.

·       Basin: 35 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

GRFR_west_22_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of GRFR endemic species for west-flowing basins.

·       Basin: 35 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

common_west_23_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of common endemic species for west-flowing river basins.

·       Basin: 35 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

euclid_east_12_12_23.csv: Connectivity weight square matrix (24 * 24) of east-flowing river basins which is used to calculate spatial MEM predictors

com_end_east_all.csv: Basin by species community data (only endemic species are included) of east-flowing river basins.

·       Basin: 24 east-flowing basins included in the study

·       Species: presence (1) and absence (0) of each species

GWFD_east_8_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of geographically widespread and functionally distinct endemic species that are found in east-flowing river basins.

·       Basin: 24 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

rare_east_22_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of Rare endemic species that are found in east-flowing river basins.

·       Basin: 24 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

GRFR_east_22_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of geographically restricted and functionally redundant endemic species that are found in east-flowing river basins.

·       Basin: 24 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

common_east_23_12_23.csv: Presence-absence community data of common endemic species that are found in east-flowing river basins.

·       Basin: 24 river basins included in the study

·       Species: Species presence (1) and absence (0)

ESRvsSR_24_05_24.R: This script is used to plot endemic species richness vs overall species richness of studied river basins. 'ggplot2’ package is used for plotting.

SES_QGIS_27_10_22.csv: This file contains the standardized richness values for different categories of species. This includes results derived for only endemic species.

·       BASIN_NAME: River basins included in the study

·       specRich_new: Species richness values for each river basin

·       endRich_new: Endemic species richness values for each river basin

·       position: Basins situated north of Palghat gap in east (NPE) and west (NPW), and basins that are situated south of Palghat gap in eastern (SPE) and western (SPW) side of the Western Ghats Escarpment.

·       flow: Basins categorized based on whether they flow towards east or west.            

·       gap: Basins categorized based on whether they are situated north (NP) or south (SP) of Palghat gap.  

·       ses_EndRich: Standardized overall endemic species richness

·       ses_NeRich: Standardized overall non-endemic species richness

·       ses_rare: Standardized rare endemic species richness   

·       ses_common: Standardized common endemic species richness          

·       ses_rest_redun: Standardized geographically restricted and trait-redundant endemic species richness     

·       ses_wide_nonredun: Standardized geographically widespread trait-distinct endemic species richness

·       ses_redun: Standardized trait-redundant endemic species richness          

·       ses_T_restrict: Standardized geographically restricted endemic species richness

·       ses_T_wide: Standardized geographically widespread endemic species richness   

·       ses_F_distinct: Standardized trait-distinct endemic species richness       

·       ses_F_redund: Standardized trait-redundant endemic species richness.

SES_all_sp_01_09_25.csv: This file contains the standardized richness values for widespread trait-distinct, Rare, geographically restricted trait-redundant, and Common species. This includes results derived for all species including non-endemics.

·       ses_EndRich: Standardized overall endemic species richness

·       ses_NeRich: Standardized overall non-endemic species richness

·       ses_rare_all: Standardized overall Rare species richness             

·       ses_common_all: Standardized overall Common species richness          

·       ses_rest_redun_all: Standardized overall geographically restricted and trait-redundant species richness   

·       ses_wide_nonredun_all: Standardized overall geographically widespread trait-distinct species richness  

·       ses_T_restrict_all: Standardized geographically restricted species richness

·       ses_T_wide_all: Standardized geographically widespread species richness       

·       ses_F_distinct_all: Standardized trait-distinct species richness          

·       ses_F_redund_all: Standardized trait-redundant species richness.

trait_imputation_22_9_22.R: This script is used to impute missing data values (5.8%) on the species×trait matrix (i.e. trait_22_09_22.csv) using “missForest” package.

trait_22_09_22.csv: This file contains functional traits calculated for 325 species that are found in the Western Ghats.

·       Species: Species found in the Western Ghats region        

·       Endemism: Assigned endemic status to each species based on Dahanukar et al. (2004).

·       genus: Genus of the species.

·       family: Family of the species.

·       MBL: Maximum body length (in cm)

·       MBL_log: log transformed maximum body length

·       BEL: Body elongation (standard length/maximum body depth; variables measured in cm)            

·       VEP: Vertical eye position (eye position/maximum body depth; variables measured in cm)  

·       RES: Relative eye size (eye depth/head depth; variables measured in cm)           

·       OGP: Oral gap position (mouth position/maximum body depth; variables measured in cm)        

·       BLS: Body lateral shape (head depth/maximum body depth; variables measured in cm)

·       PFV: Pectoral fin vertical position (pectoral fin position/maximum body depth; variables measured in cm)

·       PFS: Pectoral fin size (pectoral fin length/standard length; variables measured in cm)

·       CPT: Caudal peduncle throttling (maximum caudal fin depth/caudal peduncle depth; variables measured in cm)

Code/software

All analyses were performed in R (R version 4.4.2).