Data from: Eco-evolutionary drivers of avian migratory connectivity
Data files
Feb 02, 2026 version files 230.53 KB
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Dataset_legend.xlsx
11.64 KB
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Dataset.csv
84.96 KB
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Figure_1.R
10.86 KB
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Figure_2.R
2.11 KB
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Figure_3.R
21.02 KB
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Files_for_figure_1.zip
54.41 KB
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MC_functions_Ecol_Lett.R
7.81 KB
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Migratory_connectivity_analysis_-_Ecol_Lett.R
6.99 KB
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MRC50_83species.nex
6.48 KB
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MRC50_land.nex
5.18 KB
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Phylogenetic_comparative_analysis_-_Ecol_Lett.R
15.09 KB
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README.md
3.99 KB
Abstract
Migratory connectivity, reflecting the extent by which migrants tend to maintain their reciprocal positions in seasonal ranges, can assist in the conservation and management of mobile species, yet relevant drivers remain unclear. Taking advantage of an exceptionally large (~150,000 individuals, 83 species) and more-than-a-century-long dataset of bird ringing encounters, we investigated eco-evolutionary drivers of migratory connectivity in both short- and long-distance Afro-Palearctic migratory bird taxa. Connectivity was strongly associated with geographical proxies of migration costs and was weakly influenced by biological traits and phylogeny, suggesting the evolutionary lability of migratory behaviour. The large intraspecific variability in avian migration strategies, through which most species geographically split into distinct migratory populations, explained why most of them were significantly connected. By unravelling key determinants of migratory connectivity, our study improves knowledge about the resilience of avian migrants to ecological perturbations, providing a critical tool to inform transboundary conservation and management strategies at the population level.
CONTENTS
The file "Phylogenetic_comparative_analysis_-_Ecol_Lett.R" is the code to reproduce the results of the paper.
The file "Figure_1.R" is the code to reproduce Figure 1.
The file "Figure_2.R" is the code to reproduce Figure 2.
The file "Figure_3.R" is the code to reproduce Figure 3.
The file "Migratory_connectivity_analysis_-_Ecol_Lett.R" is the code to simulate the migratory connectivity analysis.
The file "MC_functions_Ecol_Lett.R" includes functions to run the code in the files "Migratory connectivity analysis - Ecol Lett.R".
The file "Dataset.csv" is semicolon-delimited with a comma decimal. This file and the files "MRC50_83species.nex" and "MRC50_land.nex" include data to reproduce the results of the paper and both Figure 2 and Figure 3.
The file "Dataset_legend.xlsx" contains the legend for "Dataset.csv".
The folder "Files_for_figure_1.zip" contains all the files to reproduce Figure 1. Specifically:
- "Bucefala clangula-bree.csv", "Cygnus cygnus-bree.csv", "Hirundo rustica-bree.csv", "Turdus iliacus-bree.csv" are semicolon delimited files with a comma decimal reporting lat: latitude. lon: longitude, ringID: hypothetical ring number, Cl: number of the cluster of the individual, Period: factor indication breeding (BREE) or wintering (WINT) period for two hypothetical individuals of each species.
- "Bucefala clangula-wint.csv", "Cygnus cygnus-wint.csv", "Hirundo rustica-wint.csv", "Turdus iliacus-wint.csv" are semicolon delimited files with a comma decimal reporting lat: latitude. lon: longitude, ringID: hypothetical ring number, Cl: number of the cluster of the individual, Period: factor indication breeding (BREE) or wintering (WINT) period for two hypothetical individuals of each species.
- "bucephala_contour_breeCl1_sf.dbf", "bucephala_contour_breeCl1_sf.prj", "bucephala_contour_breeCl1_sf.shp", "bucephala_contour_breeCl1_sf.shx", "bucephala_contour_wintCl1_sf.dbf", "bucephala_contour_wintCl1_sf.prj", "bucephala_contour_wintCl1_sf.shp", "bucephala_contour_wintCl1_sf.shx": files in the ESRI Shapefile format necessary to plot the polygons representing the breeding and wintering clusters of Bucephala clangula.
- "cygnus_contour_breeCl1_sf.dbf", "cygnus_contour_breeCl1_sf.prj", "cygnus_contour_breeCl1_sf.shp", "cygnus_contour_breeCl1_sf.shx", "cygnus_contour_breeCl2_sf.dbf", "cygnus_contour_breeCl2_sf.prj", "cygnus_contour_breeCl2_sf.shp", "cygnus_contour_breeCl2_sf.shx", "cygnus_contour_wintCl1_sf.dbf", "cygnus_contour_wintCl1_sf.prj", "cygnus_contour_wintCl1_sf.shp", "cygnus_contour_wintCl1_sf.shx", "cygnus_contour_wintCl2_sf.dbf", "cygnus_contour_wintCl2_sf.prj", "cygnus_contour_wintCl2_sf.shp", "cygnus_contour_wintCl2_sf.shx": files in the ESRI Shapefile format necessary to plot the polygons representing the breeding and wintering clusters of Cygnus cygnus.
- "hirundo_contour_breeCl1_sf.dbf", "hirundo_contour_breeCl1_sf.prj", "hirundo_contour_breeCl1_sf.shp", "hirundo_contour_breeCl1_sf.shx", "hirundo_contour_breeCl2_sf.dbf", "hirundo_contour_breeCl2_sf.prj", "hirundo_contour_breeCl2_sf.shp", "hirundo_contour_breeCl2_sf.shx", "hirundo_contour_wintCl1_sf.dbf", "hirundo_contour_wintCl1_sf.prj", "hirundo_contour_wintCl1_sf.shp", "hirundo_contour_wintCl1_sf.shx", "hirundo_contour_wintCl2_sf.dbf", "hirundo_contour_wintCl2_sf.prj", "hirundo_contour_wintCl2_sf.shp", "hirundo_contour_wintCl2_sf.shx": files in the ESRI Shapefile format necessary to plot the polygons representing the breeding and wintering clusters of Hirundo rustica.
- "turdus_contour_breeCl1_sf.dbf", "turdus_contour_breeCl1_sf.prj", "turdus_contour_breeCl1_sf.shp", "turdus_contour_breeCl1_sf.shx" "turdus_contour_wintCl1_sf.dbf", "turdus_contour_wintCl1_sf.prj", "turdus_contour_wintCl1_sf.shp", "turdus_contour_wintCl1_sf.shx": files in the ESRI Shapefile format necessary to plot the polygons representing the breeding and wintering clusters of Turdus iliacus.
The dataset reports the strength of migratory connectivity for 83 bird species assessed according to Ambrosini et al. (2019 - J Theor Biol) by filtering > 12 million ringing encounters obtained from the EURING databank https://euring.org) and spanning over more than one century (1900–2019). Other data files are necessary for the analyses or for figures.
- Fattorini, Niccolò; Costanzo, Alessandra; Romano, Andrea et al. (2022). Eco-evolutionary drivers of avian migratory connectivity [Preprint]. openRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.04.497586
- Fattorini, Niccolò; Costanzo, Alessandra; Romano, Andrea et al. (2023). Eco‐evolutionary drivers of avian migratory connectivity. Ecology Letters. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14223