Glutamatergic projections from the substantia nigra pars reticulata to the dorsal raphe nucleus regulate male social hierarchies

Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.m0cfxppg3

Description of the data and file structure

We have submitted our raw data, which consists of 55 files. The dataset includes behavioral parameters from the tube test, rank changes observed in the tube test, outcomes from the warm spot test, results from the open field test, forelimb grip strength measurements, data from the elevated plus maze test, results from the resident-intruder test, results from the social memory test, behavioral parameters from the push ball test, behavioral parameters from the social interaction test, Ca²⁺ activity of SNrGlu neurons during push-initiation and push-back in the tube test for both ChR2-EYFP mice and EYFP mice, Ca²⁺ Activity of SNrGlu neurons in the push ball test, Ca²⁺ Activity of SNrGlu neurons in the social interaction test.

Files and variables

File: S1_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_1D.csv

Description: Ca²⁺ signals aligned with the initiation of pushes when mice expressing GCaMP6f encounter their cagemates.

Variables

• Animal ID: Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• time point: The time points corresponding to the onset of pushes is designated as the zero time point.
• GCa m1_1: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu Neurons following the first push for the subject mouse expressing GCaMP6. Other abbreviations convey similar meanings.

File: S2_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_1E.csv

Description: Ca²⁺ signals aligned with the time point when mice reached the middle of the tube without an opponent.

Variables

• Animal ID: Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Time point: The time points corresponding to the moment when mice reached the middle of the tube is designated as the zero time point.
• GCa m1_1: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu Neurons following the first arrival for the subject mouse expressing GCaMP6. Other abbreviations convey similar meanings.

File: S3_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_1F.csv

Description: Ca²⁺ signals aligned with the initiation of pushes when mice expressing EYFP encounter their cagemates.

Variables

• Animal ID: Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Time point: The time points corresponding to the onset of pushes is designated as the zero time point.
• EYFP m1_1: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu Neurons following the first push for the subject mouse expressing EYFP. Other abbreviations convey similar meanings.

File:S4_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_2DEFGH.csv

Description: Behavioral parameters of the ChR2-EYFP mice in the tube test under optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons during light-on and light-off conditions.

Variables

• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Animal_ID: animal ID
• PI_num: the number of push initiation
• PI_du: the duration (s) of push initiation
• PB_num: the number of push back
• PB_du: the duration (s) of push back
• Stii_num: the number of stillness
• Stii_du: the duration (s) of stillness
• Resistance: percentage of time spent resisting
• Retreat: percentage of time spent retreating

File: S5_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_2JK.csv

Description:  Difference in average rank change in ChR2-EYFP and EYFP mice after optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• Group: Group 1 refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while Group 2 refers to EYFP mice.
• Base: the baseline of average rank change before optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons
• Rank_day0: average rank change during optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons
• Rank_day1: average rank change on the second day following optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons
• Rank_day2: average rank change on the third day following optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons
• Rank_day3: average rank change on the fourth day following optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons

File: S6_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_2L.csv

Description: Number of entries into the central area per min in the open field test during light-off and light-on alone the SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• ID: animal ID
• CC_OFF: Number of entries into the central area per min during light-off condition
• CC_ON: Number of entries into the central area per min during light-on condition

File: S7_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_2L.csv

Description: Mean duration of stay in the central zone (center time) per min in the open field test during light-off and light-on alone the SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• ID: animal ID
• CT_OFF: Center time (s) per min during light-off condition
• CT_ON: Center time (s) per min during light-on condition

File: S8_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_2L.csv

Description: Average distance (cm) per min in the open field test during light-off and light-on alone the SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• ID: animal ID
• Tracking_OFF: Average distance (cm) per min during light-off condition
• Tracking_ON: Average distance (cm) per min during light-on condition

File: S9_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_3CDEFG.csv

Description: Behavioral parameters of EYFP mice and hM4Di-EGFP in the tube test under chemogenetic inhibition at 3.5 hours post-CNO injection.

Variables

• Group: The present study involved two distinct groups: Group 1 refers to the EYFP mice, while Group 2 refers to the hM4Di-EGFP mice.
• PI_num: the number of push initiation
• PI_du: the duration (s) of push initiation
• PB_num: the number of push back
• PB_du: the duration (s) of push back
• Stii_num: the number of stillness
• Stii_du: the duration (s) of stillness
• Resistance: percentage of time spent resisting
• Retreat: percentage of time spent retreating

File: S10_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_3J.csv

Description: ranks of the hM4Di-EGFP mice at 0, 1-1.5, 3-5, 6-8, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-CNO injection.

Variables

• T0_CNO: ranks of the hM4Di-EGFP mice at 0 hour post-CNO injection
• T1.5h_CNO: ranks of the hM4Di-EGFP mice at 1-1.5 hours post-CNO injection
• T3.5h_CNO: ranks of the hM4Di-EGFP mice at 3-5 hours post-CNO injection
• T6h_CNO: ranks of the hM4Di-EGFP mice at 6-8 hours post-CNO injection
• T24h_CNO: ranks of the hM4Di-EGFP mice at 24 hours post-CNO injection
• T48h_CNO: ranks of the hM4Di-EGFP mice at 48 hours post-CNO injection
• T72h_CNO: ranks of the hM4Di-EGFP mice at 72 hours post-CNO injection

File: S11_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_3LMN.csv

Description: The behavioral parameters of the hM4Di-EGFP mice in the open field test across 10 min following injections of saline and CNO.

Variables

• CenterCount_Saline: number of entries into the center post-saline injection
• CenterCount_CNO: number of entries into the center post-CNO injection
• CenterTime_Saline: time (s) spent in the center post-saline injection
• CenterTime_CNO: time (s) spent in the center post-CNO injection
• Tracking_Saline： traveled distance (cm) post-saline injection
• Tracking_CNO： traveled distance (cm) post-CNO injection

File: S12_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_3LMN.csv

Description: The behavioral parameters of the EYFP mice in the open field test across 10 min following injections of saline and CNO.

Variables

• CenterCount_Saline: number of entries into the center post-saline injection
• CenterCount_CNO: number of entries into the center post-CNO injection
• CenterTime_Saline: time (s) spent in the center post-saline injection
• CenterTime_CNO: time (s) spent in the center post-CNO injection
• Tracking_Saline： traveled distance (cm) post-saline injection
• Tracking_CNO： traveled distance (cm) post-CNO injection

File: S13_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_3P.csv

Description: The duration of occupation or ranking in the warm spot test following injection of saline in the hM4Di-EGFP mice.

Variables

• Dur_pre_saline_1d: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 1 day before saline injection
• Dur_post_saline_2h: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 2 hours post-saline injection
• Dur_post_saline_2d: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 2 days post-saline injection
• Rank_pre_saline_1d： The ranking in the warm spot test at 1 day before saline injection
• Rank_post_saline_2h： The ranking in the warm spot test at 2 hours post-saline injection
• Rank_post_saline_2d： The ranking in the warm spot test at 2 days post-saline injection

File: S14_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_3Q.csv

Description: The duration of occupation or ranking in the warm spot test following injection of CNO in the hM4Di-EGFP mice.

Variables

• Dur_pre_CNO_1d: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 1 day before CNO injection
• Dur_post_CNO_2h: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 2 hours post-CNO injection
• Dur_post_CNO_2d: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 2 days post-CNO injection
• Rank_pre_CNO_1d： The ranking in the warm spot test at 1 day before CNO injection
• Rank_post_CNO_2h： The ranking in the warm spot test at 2 hours post-CNO injection
• Rank_post_CNO_2d： The ranking in the warm spot test at 2 days post-CNO injection

File: S15_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_4CDE_and_S13AB_Fig.csv

Description: Behavioral parameters of the ChR2-EYFP mice in the tube test under optogenetic activation of SNrGlu-DRN pathway during light-on and light-off conditions.

Variables

• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Animal_ID: animal ID
• PI_num: the number of push initiation
• PI_du: the duration (s) of push initiation
• PB_num: the number of push back
• PB_du: the duration (s) of push back
• Stii_num: the number of stillness
• Stii_du: the duration (s) of stillness
• Resistance: percentage of time spent resisting
• Retreat: percentage of time spent retreating

File: S16_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_4GH.csv

Description: Difference in average rank change in ChR2-EYFP and EYFP mice after optogenetic activation of SNrGlu-DRN pathway.

Variables

• Group: Group 1 refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while Group 2 refers to EYFP mice.
• Base: the baseline of average rank change before optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons
• Rank_day0: average rank change during optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons
• Rank_day1: average rank change on the second day following optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons
• Rank_day2: average rank change on the third day following optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons
• Rank_day3: average rank change on the fourth day following optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons

File: S17_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_4I.csv

Description: Time spent in the open arm for ChR2-EYFP mice and EYFP mice in the elevated plus maze test, during which blue light (473 nm, 20 Hz, 20 ms, 10 mW) was intermittently activated for 3-minute intervals for the SNrGlu-DRN pathway.

Variables

• Group: Group 1 refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while Group 2 refers to EYFP mice.
• Time_3min: Time (s) spent in the open arm during the first interval.
• Time_6min: Time (s) spent in the open arm during the second interval.
• Time_9min: Time (s) spent in the open arm during the third interval.

File: S18_Data.Source_data_for_Fig_4J.csv

Description: Duration (s) spent in the interaction zone of ChR2-EYFP and EYFP mice towards familiar and novel mice in the social memory test during light-off and light-on alone the SNrGlu-DRN pathway.

Variables

• Group: Group 1 refers to EYFP mice, while Group 2 refers to ChR2-EYFP mice.
• Familiar: Duration (s) spent in the interaction zone towards familiar mice
• Novel: Duration (s) spent in the interaction zone towards novel mice

File: S19_Data.Source_data_for_S4A_Fig.csv

Description: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu neurons were aligned with the onset of pushes when mice expressing GCaMP6 pushed the diamond-shaped rubber bouncy ball within the tube.

Variables

• Animal ID: Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Time point: The time points corresponding to the onset of pushes is designated as the zero time point.
• GCa m1_1: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu Neurons following the first push for the first mouse expressing GCaMP6. Other abbreviations convey similar meanings.

File: S20_Data.Source_data_for_S4B_Fig.csv

Description: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu neurons were aligned with the onset of pushes when mice expressing EYFP pushed the diamond-shaped rubber bouncy ball within the tube.

Variables

• Time point*: The time points corresponding to the onset of pushes is designated as the zero time point.
• Animal ID: Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• EYFP m1_1: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu Neurons following the first push for the first mouse expressing EYFP. Other abbreviations convey similar meanings.

File: S21_Data.Source_data_for_S5A_Fig.csv

Description: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu neurons were aligned with the onset of voluntary approach when mice expressing GCaMP6 encountered the novel mouse in the restraint cage.

Variables

• Animal ID: Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• time point: The time points corresponding to the onset of voluntary approach is designated as the zero time point.
• GCa m1_1: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu Neurons following the first voluntary approach for the subject mouse expressing GCaMP6. Other abbreviations convey similar meanings.

File: S22_Data.Source_data_for_S5B_Fig.csv

Description: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu neurons were aligned with the onset of effortful social interaction when mice expressing GCaMP6 encountered the novel mouse in the restraint cage.

Variables

• Animal ID: Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Time point: The time points corresponding to the onset of effortful social interaction is designated as the zero time point.
• GCa m1_1: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu Neurons following the first effortful social interactionGCa for the subject mouse expressing GCaMP6. Other abbreviations convey similar meanings.

File: S23_Data.Source_data_for_S5C_Fig.csv

Description: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu neurons were aligned with the onset of voluntary approach when mice expressing EYFP encountered the novel mouse in the restraint cage.

Variables

• Animal ID: Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• time point: The time points corresponding to the onset of voluntary approach is designated as the zero time point.
• EYFP m1_1: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu Neurons following the first voluntary approach for the subject mouse expressing EYFP. Other abbreviations convey similar meanings.

File: S24_Data.Source_data_for_S5D_Fig.csv

Description: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu neurons were aligned with the onset of effortful social interaction when mice expressing EYFP encountered the novel mouse in the restraint cage.

Variables

• Animal ID: Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Time point: The time points corresponding to the onset of effortful social interaction is designated as the zero time point.
• EYFP m1_1: Ca²⁺ signals of SNrGlu Neurons following the first effortful social interaction for the subject mouse expressing EYFP. Other abbreviations convey similar meanings.

File: S25_Data.Source_data_for_S6ABCDE_Fig.csv

Description: Behavioral parameters of the EYFP mice in the tube test under optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons during light-on and light-off conditions.

Variables

• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Animal_ID: animal ID
• PI_num: the number of push initiation
• PI_du: the duration (s) of push initiation
• PB_num: the number of push back
• PB_du: the duration (s) of push back
• Stii_num: the number of stillness
• Stii_du: the duration (s) of stillness
• Resistance: percentage of time spent resisting
• Retreat: percentage of time spent retreating

File: S26_Data.Source_data_for_S7A_Fig.csv

Description: Time spent in the open arm for ChR2-EYFP mice and EYFP mice in the elevated plus maze test, during which blue light (473 nm, 20 Hz, 20 ms, 10 mW) was intermittently activated for 3-minute intervals for the SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• Group: Group 1 refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while Group 2 refers to EYFP mice.
• Time_3min: Time (s) spent in the open arm during the first interval.
• Time_6min: Time (s) spent in the open arm during the second interval.
• Time_9min: Time (s) spent in the open arm during the third interval.

File: S27_Data.Source_data_for_S7B_Fig.csv

Description: Duration (s) spent in the interaction zone of ChR2-EYFP and EYFP mice towards familiar and novel mice in the social memory test during light-off and light-on alone the SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• Group: Group 1 refers to EYFP mice, while Group 2 refers to ChR2-EYFP mice.
• Familiar: Duration (s) spent in the interaction zone towards familiar mice
• Novel: Duration (s) spent in the interaction zone towards novel mice

File: S28_Data.Source_data_for_S7C_Fig.csv

Description: Durations (s) of aggressive and non-aggressive behaviors of ChR2-EYFP and EYFP mice towards novel mice in the resident-intruder test during light-off and light-on alone the SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• Group: Group 1 refers to EYFP mice, while Group 2 refers to ChR2-EYFP mice.
• agg_off: Duration (s) of aggressive behaviors during light-off condition
• agg_on: Duration (s) of aggressive behaviors during light-on condition
• noagg_off: Duration (s) of non-aggressive behaviors during light-off condition
• noagg_on: Duration (s) of non-aggressive behaviors during light-on condition

File: S29_Data.Source_data_for_S7D_Fig.csv

Description: Difference in forelimb grip strength (N) in ChR2-EYFP mice under optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Num: animal ID
• LightON: light-on condition
• LightOFF: light-off condition

File: S30_Data.Source_data_for_S7E_Fig.csv

Description: Duration (s) of active pushes in the push ball test under optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFP refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Duration: duration (s) of active pushes in the push ball test.

File: S31_Data.Source_data_for_S7E_Fig.csv

Description: Avergae number of active pushes per trial in the push ball test under optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFPers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Number of push/trial: Avergae number of active pushes per trial in the push ball test.

File: S32_Data.Source_data_for_S7F_Fig.csv

Description: Duration (s) of effortful social interaction in the social interaction test under optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFP refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Duration: duration (s) of effortful social interaction in the social interaction test.

File: S33_Data.Source_data_for_S7F_Fig.csv

Description: Duration (s) of non-social exploration in the social interaction test under optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFP refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Duration: duration (s) of non-social exploration in the social interaction test.

File: S34_Data.Source_data_for_S7F_Fig.csv

Description: Duration of total social interaction in the social interaction test under optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFP refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Duration: duration (s) of total social interaction in the social interaction test

File: S35_Data.Source_data_for_S7F_Fig.csv

Description: Duration (s) of voluntary approach behavior in the social interaction test under optogenetic activation of SNr Glu neurons during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFP refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Duration: duration (s) of voluntary approach behavior in the social interaction test.

File: S36_Data.Source_data_for_S8ABCDE_Fig.csv

Description: Behavioral parameters of hM4Di-EGFP mice in the tube test under chemogenetic inhibition at 3.5 hours post- saline and CNO injections.

Variables

• Group: Group 1 refers to saline injection, while Group 2 refers to CNO injection.
• PI_num: the number of push initiation
• PI_du: the duration (s) of push initiation
• PB_num: the number of push back
• PB_du: the duration (s) of push back
• Stii_num: the number of stillness
• Stii_du: the duration (s) of stillness
• Resistance: percentage of time spent resisting
• Retreat: percentage of time spent retreating

File: S37_Data.Source_data_for_S9A_Fig.csv

Description: The duration of occupation or ranking in the warm spot test following injection of saline in the EYFP mice.

Variables

• Dur_pre_saline_1d: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 1 day before saline injection
• Dur_post_saline_2h: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 2 hours post-saline injection
• Dur_post_saline_2d: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 2 days post-saline injection
• Rank_pre_saline_1d： The ranking in the warm spot test at 1 day before saline injection
• Rank_post_saline_2h： The ranking in the warm spot test at 2 hours post-saline injection
• Rank_post_saline_2d： The ranking in the warm spot test at 2 days post-saline injection

File: S38_Data.Source_data_for_S9B_Fig.csv

Description: The duration of occupation or ranking in the warm spot test following injection of CNO in the EYFP mice.

Variables

• Dur_pre_CNO_1d: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 1 day before CNO injection
• Dur_post_CNO_2h: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 2 hours post-CNO injection
• Dur_post_CNO_2d: The duration (s) of occupation in the warm spot test at 2 days post-CNO injection
• Rank_pre_CNO_1d： The ranking in the warm spot test at 1 day before CNO injection
• Rank_post_CNO_2h： The ranking in the warm spot test at 2 hours post-CNO injection
• Rank_post_CNO_2d： The ranking in the warm spot test at 2 days post-CNO injection

File: S39_Data.Source_data_for_S10A_Fig.csv

Description: Time (s) taken for hM4Di_EGFP and EYFP mice to transition from the head-up to head-down position under chemogenetic inhibition of SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: hM4Di_EGFP refers to hM4Di-EGFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Injection: Saline refers to saline injection, while CNO refers to CNO injection.
• Tturn: time (s) taken for mice to transition from the head-up to head-down position in the ploe test.

File: S40_Data.ource_data_for_S10B_Fig.csv

Description: Total time (s) spend by hM4Di_EGFP and EYFP mice from head-up to descent at the bottom of the pole under chemogenetic inhibition of SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: hM4Di_EGFP refers to hM4Di-EGFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Injection: Saline refers to saline injection, while CNO refers to CNO injection.
• Ttotal: Total time (s) from head-up to descent at the bottom of the pole.

File: S41_Data.Source_data_for_S10C_Fig.csv

Description: Latency (s) to fall from the rod in hM4Di_EGFP and EYFP mice during chemogenetic inhibition of SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: hM4Di_EGFP refers to hM4Di-EGFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Injection: Saline refers to saline injection, while CNO refers to CNO injection.
• Latency: latency (s) to fall from the rod

File: S42_Data.Source_data_for_S10D_Fig.csv

Description: Distance (cm) traveled by hM4Di_EGFP and EYFP mice on the rotarod under chemogenetic inhibition of SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: hM4Di_EGFP refers to hM4Di-EGFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Injection: Saline refers to saline injection, while CNO refers to CNO injection.
• Distance: distance (cm) traveled on the rotarod.

File: S43_Data.Source_data_for_S10E_Fig.csv

Description: Speed (rpm) at the moment of hM4Di_EGFP and EYFP mice falling from the rotarod during chemogenetic inhibition of SNr Glu neurons.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: hM4Di_EGFP refers to hM4Di-EGFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Injection: Saline refers to saline injection, while CNO refers to CNO injection.
• Speed:  Speed (rpm) at the moment of the mice falling from the rotarod

File: S44_Data.Source_data_for_S12ABCDE_Fig.csv

Description: Behavioral parameters of the EYFP mice in the tube test under optogenetic activation of SNrGlu-DRN pathway during light-on and light-off conditions.

Variables

• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Animal_ID: animal ID
• PI_num: the number of push initiation
• PI_du: the duration (s) of push initiation
• PB_num: the number of push back
• PB_du: the duration (s) of push back
• Stii_num: the number of stillness
• Stii_du: the duration (s) of stillness
• Resistance: percentage of time spent resisting
• Retreat: percentage of time spent retreating

File: S45_Data.Source_data_for_S13C_Fig.csv

Description: Durations (s) of aggressive and non-aggressive behaviors of ChR2-EYFP and EYFP mice towards novel mice in the resident-intruder test during light-off and light-on alone the SNrGlu-DRN pathway.

Variables

• Group: Group 1 refers to EYFP mice, while Group 2 refers to ChR2-EYFP mice.
• agg_off: Duration (s) of aggressive behaviors during light-off condition
• agg_on: Duration (s) of aggressive behaviors during light-on condition
• noagg_off: Duration (s) of non-aggressive behaviors during light-off condition
• noagg_on: Duration (s) of non-aggressive behaviors during light-on condition

File: S46_Data.Source_data_for_S13D_Fig.csv

Description: Number of entries into the central area per min in the open field test during light-off and light-on alone the SNrGlu-DRN pathway.

Variables

• ID: animal ID
• CC_OFF: Number of entries into the central area per min during light-off condition
• CC_ON: Number of entries into the central area per min during light-on condition

File: S47_Data.Source_data_for_S13D_Fig.csv

Description: Mean duration of stay in the central zone (center time) per min in the open field test during light-off and light-on alone the SNrGlu-DRN pathway.

Variables

• ID: animal ID
• CT_OFF: Center time (s) per min during light-off condition
• CT_ON: Center time (s) per min during light-on condition

File: S48_Data.Source_data_for_S13D_Fig.csv

Description: Average distance (cm) per min in the open field test during light-off and light-on alone the SNrGlu-DRN pathway.

Variables

• ID: animal ID
• Tracking_OFF: Average distance (cm) per min during light-off condition
• Tracking_ON: Average distance (cm) per min during light-on condition

File: S49_Data.Source_data_for_S13E_Fig.csv

Description: Difference in forelimb grip strength (N) in ChR2-EYFP mice under optogenetic activation of SNrGlu-DRN pathway during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Num: animal ID
• LightON: light-on condition
• LightOFF: light-off condition

File: S50_Data.Source_data_for_S13F_Fig.csv

Description: Duration (s) of active pushes in the push ball test under optogenetic activation of SNrGlu-DRN pathway during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFP refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Duration: duration (s) of active pushes in the push ball test.

File: S51_Data.Source_data_for_S13F_Fig.csv

Description: Avergae number of active pushes per trial in the push ball test under optogenetic activation of SNrGlu-DRN pathway during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFP refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Number of push/trial: Avergae number of active pushes per trial in the push ball test.

File: S52_Data.Source_data_for_S13G_Fig.csv

Description: Duration (s) of voluntary approach behavior in the social interaction test under optogenetic activation of SNrGlu-DRN pathway during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFP refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Duration: duration (s) of voluntary approach behavior in the social interaction test.

File: S53_Data.Source_data_for_S13G_Fig.csv

Description: Duration (s) of effortful social interaction in the social interaction test under optogenetic activation of SNrGlu-DRN pathway during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFP refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Duration: Average duration (s) of effortful social interaction in the social interaction test.

File: S54_Data.Source_data_for_S13G_Fig.csv

Description: Duration (s) of non-social exploration in the social interaction test under optogenetic activation of SNrGlu-DRN pathway during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFP refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Duration: Average duration (s) of non-social exploration in the social interaction test.

File: S55_Data.Source_data_for_S13G_Fig.csv

Description: Duration (s) of total social interaction in the social interaction test under optogenetic activation of SNrGlu-DRN pathway during light-off and light-on conditions.

Variables

• Virus/Animal ID: ChR2_EYFP refers to ChR2-EYFP mice, while EYFP refers to EYFP mice. Animal ID refers to ID of the subject.
• Light: OFF refers to light-off condition, while ON refers to light-on condition.
• Duration: Average duration (s) of total social interaction in the social interaction test.

Code/software

All data can be viewed using Microsoft Office or R software.