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Data from: Learning from wildfires: a scalable framework to evaluate treatment effects on burn severity

Chamberlain, Caden P.1; Meigs, Garrett W.2; Churchill, Derek J.2; Kane, Jonathan T.1; Sanna, Astrid1; Begley, James S.3; Prichard, Susan1; Kennedy, Maureen4; Bienz, Craig5; Haugo, Ryan5; Smith, Annie C.2; Kane, Van R.1; Cansler, C. Alina6

Published Oct 24, 2024 on Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mcvdnck6c

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Oct 24, 2024 version files 2.15 GB

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Abstract

Interruption of frequent burning in dry forests across western North America and the continued impacts of anthropogenic climate change have resulted in increases in fire size and severity compared to historical fire regimes. Recent legislation, funding, and planning have emphasized increased implementation of mechanical thinning and prescribed burning treatments to decrease the risk of undesirable ecological and social outcomes due to fire. As wildfires and treatments continue to interact, managers require consistent approaches to evaluate treatment effectiveness at moderating burn severity. In this study, we present a repeatable, remote sensing-based, analytical framework for conducting fire-scale assessments of treatment effectiveness that informs local management while also supporting cross-fire comparisons. We demonstrate this framework on the 2021 Bootleg Fire in Oregon and Schneider Springs Fire in Washington. Our framework used 1) machine learning to identify key bioclimatic, topographic, and fire weather drivers of burn severity in each fire, 2) standardized workflows to statistically sample untreated control units, and 3) spatial regression modeling to evaluate the effects of treatment type and age on burn severity. Application of our framework showed that, in both fires, sites recently treated with prescribed burning were the most effective at reducing burn severity relative to untreated controls. Thinning-only treatments, even when followed by piling and burning of surface fuels, only produced low/moderate-severity effects under the more moderate fire weather conditions in the Schneider Springs Fire. Our framework offers a robust approach for evaluating treatment effects on burn severity at the scale of individual fires, which can be scaled up to assess treatment effectiveness across multiple fires. As climate change brings increased uncertainty to dry forest ecosystems of western North America, our framework can support more strategic management actions to reduce wildfire risk and foster resilience.