Biochemical and antioxidant responses of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae to streptomycin exposure
Data files
Abstract
The extensive use of conventional insecticides for pest management has raised concerns due to their adverse effects on non-target organisms, environmental persistence, and health risks to mammals. Identifying alternative control agents with lower ecological impact has therefore become a priority. In this study, the ecotoxicological effects of streptomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with low mammalian toxicity, were evaluated in larvae of Cydia pomonella, a major agricultural pest. Biochemical assays revealed significant increases in the activities of transferase enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT) and metabolic enzymes (LDH, ALP, CK, AMYL) following streptomycin exposure, indicating cellular damage and disruption of energy metabolism. Moreover, non-enzymatic antioxidant levels were significantly altered. Albumin and bilirubin-related tetrapyrrole levels increased, whereas uric acid decreased. These findings demonstrate that streptomycin interferes with both metabolic and antioxidant defense systems in C. pomonella. While streptomycin shows potential as a chemical tool for codling moth control, its broader ecological consequences must be considered before large-scale application.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.mkkwh71f5
Description of the data and file structure
This dataset contains raw biochemical measurements used to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of streptomycin on last-instar larvae of Cydia pomonella. Larvae were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of streptomycin (200, 400, and 800 ppm) via haemocoelic injection, along with a water-injected control group. After 24 h, whole-body homogenates were analyzed for metabolic enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidant parameters. The data support Figures 1 and 2 of the associated manuscript.
File
Raw_ANOVA.csv
CSV file containing all raw measurements used for one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD analyses. Each row represents an independent experimental replicate.
Variables
- Group: experimental treatment
(control,c1= 200 ppm,c2= 400 ppm,c3= 800 ppm) - AST
- ALT
- GGT
- LDH
- ALP
- CK
- AMYL
- ALB
- BIL
- UA
(All biochemical measurements are reported in standard clinical units as described below.)
Abbreviations and definitions
- AST – Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L), indicator of amino acid metabolism and cellular damage
- ALT – Alanine aminotransferase (U/L), marker of metabolic stress and tissue damage
- GGT – Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L), associated with glutathione metabolism and antioxidant defense
- LDH – Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L), marker of cellular damage and anaerobic metabolism
- ALP – Alkaline phosphatase (U/L), involved in energy metabolism and membrane transport
- CK – Creatine kinase (U/L), energy homeostasis
- AMYL – Amylase (U/L), related to carbohydrate metabolism
- ALB – Albumin (g/L), non-enzymatic antioxidant and stress-related protein
- BIL – Bilirubin-like tetrapyrroles (mg/dL), heme-derived antioxidant pigments in insects
- UA – Uric acid (mg/dL), nitrogenous waste product and antioxidant
Experimental design and analysis
Each treatment group consisted of 20 larvae, and experiments were independently repeated four times. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test (p < 0.05) in IBM SPSS Statistics v26.0.
Data access and reuse
The dataset is provided in CSV format to ensure accessibility, transparency, and reuse across different software platforms.