https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p32k

This file contains information about the data files used in Ittonen et al.: A range-expanding butterfly is susceptible to cold and long winters but shows no signs of local adaptation to winter conditions. Descriptions of the data and explations for each column in the data tables are given under each file name below.

Winter survival data (the main experiment)

winter_survival.txt

Binary survival data from the main experiment.
id: individual identifier for each caterpillar
sort1 and sort2: columns for sorting the data after id
treatment: The winter treatment (warm, intermediate, or cold) that each caterpillar was kept in
family: identifier for each mother of the caterpillars in the experiment
population: the location where each caterpillar’s parents were caught
variable: the life stage for assessing survival: ‘survived_winter’ (whether caterpillars were alive at the end of the winter treatments), ‘pupated’ (whether the caterpillar pupated), or ‘adult_ok’ (whether the pupa eclosed successfully)
value: A true (1) or false (0) value for ‘variable’. For example, a row with variable=adult_ok and value=1 means that the individual developed all the way into a seemingly healthy adult.
start_weight: individual body mass (in mg) the day of starting the pre-winter treatment

survival_ci.txt

95 % confidence intervals for Fig. 4a.
population: The population
treatment: The winter treatment
stage: The life stage for assessing survival: 'surv' (whether the caterpillar was alive after the winter treatment), ‘pupated’ (whether the caterpillar pupated), or ‘adult_ok’ (whether the pupa eclosed successfully)
ci_low: the lower confidence bound
ci_high: the higher confidence bound

direct_development.txt

Data of pupation and adult emergence success under the non-diapause development experiment
id: individual identifier for each caterpillar
treatment: ‘direct’ for all individuals, only used for plotting purposes
family: identifier for each mother of the caterpillars in the experiment
population: the location where each caterpillar’s parents were caught
start_weight: mass (in mg) on the day of starting the direct development treatment for each individual
value: A true (1) or false (0) value for ‘variable’.
variable: pupated (whether the caterpillar pupated) or adult_ok (whether the pupa eclosed successfully). For example, a row with variable=adult_ok and value=1 means that the individual developed all the way into a seemingly healthy adult.

direct_ci.txt

95 % confidence intervals for eclosion success under non-diapause development (used in Fig. 4b).
population: The population
treatment: ‘direct’ for all rows, only used for plotting purposes
variable: pupated (whether the caterpillar pupated successfully) and adult_ok (whether the pupa eclosed successfully)
ci_low: the lower confidence bound
ci_high: the higher confidence bound
proportion: the actual proportion that pupated or emerged successfully

Respirometry data

respirometry_main.txt

Respirometry data from measurements done during the main experiment on a separate set of individuals. Excluding Vejbystrand in the intermediate treatment.
id: individual identifier for each caterpillar
family: identifier for each mother of the caterpillars
population: the location where each caterpillar’s parents were caught
treatment: The treatment (pre (pre-winter), warm, intermediate, or cold) that each caterpillar was kept in
startweight: body mass (in mg) on the day of starting the pre-winter treatment for each individual
endweight: body mass (in mg) on the day of the respirometry
syringe_time: the time (in hours) that each caterpillar spent in the treatments after their syringes were filled
co2: the amount of CO2 pushed from the syringes in ml per hour and gram of body mass (variable ‘endweight’).

respirometry_supplement.txt (data for Fig. S1)

Respirometry data from measurements done during the main experiment on a separate set of individuals. Including Vejbystrand in the intermediate treatment.
id: individual identifier for each caterpillar
family: identifier for each mother of the caterpillars
population: the location where each caterpillar’s parents were caught
treatment: The treatment (pre (=pre-winter), warm, intermediate, or cold) that each caterpillar was kept in
startweight: body mass (in mg) on the day of starting the pre-winter treatment for each individual
endweight: body mass (in mg) on the day of the respirometry
syringe_time: the time (in hours) that each caterpillar spent in the treatments after their syringes were filled
co2: the amount of CO2 pushed from the syringes in ml per hour and gram of body mass (variable ‘endweight’).

Lmeg_MR_for_model

Data for assessing metabolic rate-temperature relationships and producing Fig. 5b.
id: individual identifier for each caterpillar
pop: the location where each caterpillar’s parents were caught (H=Hässleholm, K=Katrineholm)
vco2: the amount of respired carbon dioxide in microliters per hour
temp: The temperature in which the caterpillar was kept (°C)
mass: caterpillar body mass in mg
vo2: the amount of respired oxygen in microlitres per hour

main_exp_durations_masses.csv

File with caterpillar individual masses and the durations of the treatments. Used for Fig. 5c in the article.
id: individual identifier for each caterpillar
treatment: The winter treatment ( warm, intermediate, or cold) that each caterpillar was kept in
family: identifier for each mother of the caterpillars
population: the location where each caterpillar’s parents were caught
start_weight: body mass (in mg) on the day of starting the pre-winter treatment for each individual
end_weight: body mass (in mg) on the day of the respirometry
duration_days: The number of days that the caterpillar was in its respective treatment

Supercooling point data

scp.txt

Data for supercooling point measurements with Lasiommata megera caterpillars that were kept in main experiment treatments.
id: individual identifier for each caterpillar
family: identifier for each mother of the caterpillars
population: the location where each caterpillar’s parents were caught
treatment: the winter treatment that each caterpillar was kept in
startweight: mass (in mg) on the day of starting the pre-winter treatment for each individual
endweight: mass (in mg) on the day of the supercooling point measurements
weight_loss: the difference between startweight and endweight
scp: the measured supercooling point in °C

scp_comparison.txt

Data for the supercooling point comparison among species.
species: Abbreviated species name (Paeg = Pararge aegeria, Lpet = Lasiommata petropolitana, Lmae = Lasiommata maera, Lmeg  Lasiommata megera.
batch: Which batch (each species was divided into two batches, making eight batches [coded a–h] in total) the measurement was made in.
scp: the measured supercooling point in °C
id: identifier for each caterpillar (different naming system for each species)
family: identifiers for the mother of each caterpillar
weight: the individual’s mass (in mg) on the day of measuring the supercooling points

Appendix 1

chill_susceptibility.txt

Data from the chill susceptibility tests.
id: within-batch individual identifier for each caterpillar
date: the dates (in the winter 2021–2022) when the assays were made
channel: channel for recording the temperatures.
froze: whether a freezing exotherm was present (1) or absent (0)
weight: individual body mass (in mg) on the day of starting the assay
alive: whether the caterpillar survived (1) or died (0)

freeze_tolerance.txt

Data from freeze tolerance tests.
dates: The dates (in March 2022; e.g. 10–11/3 = 10–11 March 2022) when the assays were made.
caterpillar_control: whether the row represents a measurement with a caterpillar; a control with just ice, water and paper (control); or a control with only a thermocouple in empty tubes (empty_control).
channel: channel for recording the temperatures. Can be used to connect the columns in the raw data files described below to our scoring in this file.
alive: whether the caterpillar was dead (0) or alive (1) after the treatment. NA for controls, which did not have caterpillars.
type_of_curve: our classifcation of the temperature curve, that is, whether each caterpillar was likely to have frozen or not. A and B indicate freezing, C indicates not freezing, and D could mean both; see Figure A1 in Appendix 1. Raw data for plotting these curves are in the files freeze_tolerance_10_11_March.csv, freeze_tolerance_15_16_March.csv, freeze_tolerance_17_18_March.csv, and freeze_tolerance_22_23_March.csv.

freeze_tolerance_10_11_March.csv, freeze_tolerance_15_16_March.csv, freeze_tolerance_17_18_March.csv, and freeze_tolerance_22_23_March.csv

Raw data files from freeze tolerance assays. Can be used to plot the curves that we interpreted for freeze_tolerance.csv. The first column in each file is the time (in seconds) since we started measuring temperatures, and each additional column represents one channel with or without a caterpillar. See freeze_tolerance.csv for whether these channels represent a caterpillar or control trial, whether each caterpillar died, and how we interpreted the respective temperature curves.

Code/Software

The file R_script.R contains the annotated scripts used for the analyses in our article.