Data from: Monitoring spirodiclofen resistance in female Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from citrus orchards in Southeastern Brazil
Data files
Mar 02, 2026 version files 2.69 MB
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Probit_Spirodiclofen.zip
2.66 MB
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Probit_summary__Mortality_data_LC95.xlsx
25.67 KB
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README.md
4.20 KB
Abstract
Brevipalpus yothersi Baker is one of the main mite pests in citrus orchards in Southeastern Brazil, causing significant losses in fruit production. Spirodiclofen, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, is a synthetic acaricide widely used for its control. However, continuous application of a single compound can select for resistant populations. The potential evolution of spirodiclofen resistance in B. yothersi raises concerns about field efficacy and the long-term sustainability of its use. Monitoring resistance levels across citrus-growing regions is therefore essential for developing effective management strategies. This study estimated spirodiclofen resistance in 19 field populations of B. yothersi to provide data supporting resistance management programs. Female mites were exposed to spirodiclofen for seven days in a direct-contact bioassay. Toxicity was determined by estimating LC50 and LC95 values, and data were spatially analyzed in ArcGIS for geographic visualization of resistance ratios. LC50 values ranged from 1.12 to 236.63 mg L -1, while LC95 values ranged from 12.36 to 160,047.00 mg L-1. Resistance ratios varied from low to very high, reaching up to 80.56-fold at LC50 and 12,124.77-fold at LC95 among populations. These findings reveal wide variation in spirodiclofen resistance among B. yothersi populations from the Brazilian citrus belt. Such information is critical for guiding resistance management programs. The rotation of acaricides with different modes of action should be prioritized, particularly in areas with high levels of resistance.
Dataset Title
Data from: Monitoring spirodiclofen resistance in female Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from citrus orchards in Southeastern Brazil
Authors
Escobar Garcia, Hector Alonso*
de Andrade, Daniel
*Corresponding author
Associated Publication
Escobar Garcia, H.A., & de Andrade, D. (2026).
Monitoring spirodiclofen resistance in female Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from citrus orchards in Southeastern Brazil.
Agricultural and Forest Entomology.
Dryad DOI:
10.5061/dryad.p2ngf1w55
Dataset Description
This dataset contains the underlying data used to evaluate resistance to spirodiclofen in field populations of Brevipalpus yothersi collected from citrus orchards in Southeastern Brazil.
The dataset supports all analyses, tables, and figures presented in the associated publication.
The data include:
- Concentration–response bioassays
- Mortality data
- Probit regression outputs
- Lethal concentration estimates
- Resistance ratios
- Diagnostic concentration survival data
These data were used to estimate LC50 and LC95 values, resistance ratios (RR50 and RR95), slope coefficients.
Experimental Overview
Adult females of Brevipalpus yothersi from laboratory and field populations were exposed to different concentrations of spirodiclofen using a Potter spray tower bioassay.
Mortality was evaluated after seven days of exposure.
Natural mortality in the control treatment was corrected using Abbott's formula (Abbott, 1925).
Lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC95) were estimated by Probit regression using SAS PROC PROBIT.
File List and Description
1. Probit Analysis Files (PDF; Probit_Spirodiclofen.zip)
These files contain the complete Probit regression outputs for each population analyzed.
Each file includes:
- Tested concentrations (mg L⁻¹)
- Number of mites tested
- LC50 estimates
- LC95 estimates
- 95% confidence intervals
- Slope values
- Chi-square values
- P-values
These files represent the primary statistical outputs used to generate Tables and Figures in the manuscript.
2. Diagnostic Concentration Data (Probit_summary__Mortality_data_LC95.xlsx)
Contains survival data of adult females exposed to the diagnostic concentration:
13.20 mg L⁻¹ spirodiclofen
Variables include:
Population name
Number of mites tested
Number of survivors
Percent survival
These data were used to produce Figure 4 and Table 3.
Variable Definitions
Concentration
Spirodiclofen concentration expressed in mg L⁻¹.
Mortality
Percentage of dead mites after seven days of exposure.
Corrected Mortality
Mortality corrected for natural mortality in the control treatment using Abbott's formula.
LC50
Lethal concentration required to kill 50% of the population.
Units: mg L -1
LC95
Lethal concentration required to kill 95% of the population.
Units: mg L -1
RR50
Resistance ratio calculated as:
RR50 = LC50(field population) / LC50(susceptible population)
RR95
Resistance ratio calculated as:
RR95 = LC95(field population) / LC95(susceptible population)
Slope
Slope coefficient from Probit regression.
Slope values indicate population heterogeneity:
Slope < 1 → heterogeneous population
Slope > 2 → homogeneous population
Statistical Analysis
Mortality data were analyzed by Probit regression using:
PROC PROBIT
SAS Institute (2025)
Estimated parameters include:
LC50
LC95
Slope
Confidence intervals
Chi-square values
P-values
Software Used
SAS Institute (2025) – PROC PROBIT
ArcGIS – Spatial resistance analysis
Data Reuse Notes
All tables and figures presented in the associated publication were generated directly from these data files.
The Probit output files represent the complete statistical analyses used in the study.
License
This dataset is released under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
Contact Information
Hector Alonso Escobar Garcia
Universidad Nacional de Piura
Peru
Email: hescobarg@unp.edu.pe