Data and statistical codes for: Reliability of urological telesurgery compared to local surgery: A multicenter, randomised controlled trial
Data files
Dec 06, 2025 version files 6.08 MB
-
Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_per-protocol_population_-_prostate_cancer.csv
6.30 KB
-
Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_per-protocol_population_-_renal_cancer.csv
7.48 KB
-
Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_per-protocol_population_-_renal_cancer.xlsx
14.65 KB
-
Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_withdraw_population_-_prostate·_cancer.csv
743 B
-
Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_withdraw_population_-_renal_cancer.csv
513 B
-
Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_withdraw_population_-_renal_cancer.xlsx
9.96 KB
-
Data_of_Scales_-_30_Second_Chair_to_Stand_test.csv
4.01 KB
-
Data_of_Scales_-_Clavien-Dindo_classification.csv
3.81 KB
-
Data_of_Scales_-_EPIC-26.csv
8.66 KB
-
Data_of_Scales_-_NASA_TLX.csv
6.83 KB
-
Data_of_Scales_-_QoR-15.csv
12.37 KB
-
README.md
2.93 KB
-
Statistic_Codes-upload.md
196.93 KB
-
telesurgery_system_monitoring_data.zip
5.80 MB
Abstract
This multicenter, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial investigated whether telesurgery is as reliable as standard local surgery for patients undergoing urological robotic operations, using a prespecified non-inferiority margin of a 0.1 absolute reduction in surgical success probability. Conducted at five hospitals in China from December to June, the study enrolled patients scheduled for radical prostatectomy or partial nephrectomy and randomly assigned them 1:1 to telesurgery or local surgery. The primary outcome was surgical success probability, assessed by the medical team based on predefined criteria, alongside 13 clinical secondary outcomes related to the operation and early recovery, one secondary outcome assessing medical team workload, and four technical secondary outcomes evaluating network latency, display latency, frame loss, and system malfunction; participants were followed at 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively. A total of 72 participants were included in the intention-to-treat analysis, with mean (SD) ages of 61.0 years (57.5–68.0) in the telesurgery group and 65.0 years (56.5–70.0) in the local surgery group. Telesurgery was found to be non-inferior to local surgery with respect to surgical success probability after accounting for surgeon clustering (success probability difference: 0.02 [−0.03 to 0.15]; Bayesian posterior probability = 0.99 for non-inferiority). The telesurgery system demonstrated stable performance across distances of 1000–2800 km, with mean round-trip latencies of 20.1–47.5 ms and frame loss of 0–1.5 per procedure, and secondary outcomes—including operative metrics, complications, early recovery, oncologic results, and medical team workload—showed no substantial differences between groups. Overall, telesurgery demonstrated reliability that was non-inferior to local robotic surgery, meeting the prespecified non-inferiority margin, and the trial was registered under ChiCTR.org Identifier ChiCTR2300077721.
Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.t4b8gtjg8
Description of the data and file structure
In this randomized controlled trial, 72 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the telesurgery group or the local surgery group, constituting the intention-to-treat set. The dataset comprises the following elements:
(1) Clinical and demographic data of all patients, including age, sex, height, weight, and tumor characteristics;
(2) Scores from all administered scales at the 4-week and 6-week follow-up assessments, including the QoR-15, 30-Second Chair-to-Stand Test, EPIC-26, and NASA-TLX;
(3) Telesurgery system monitoring data, encompassing round-trip latency, frame loss, and display latency for all procedures;
(4) All statistical analysis codes.
Files and variables
- Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_per-protocol_population_-_prostate_cancer.csv
- Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_per-protocol_population_-renal_cancer.csv or Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_per-protocol_population-_renal_cancer.xlsx
Description: These Excel files contain data from an electronic medical record system, including demographic and perioperative follow-up information for the per-protocol population.
- Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_withdraw_population_-_prostate·_cancer.csv
- Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_withdraw_population_-renal_cancer.csv or Clinical_and_Demographic_data_of_withdraw_population-_renal_cancer.xlsx
Description: These Excel files contain data from an electronic medical record system, including demographic and perioperative follow-up information for the withdraw patients.
File: Data_of_Scales_-_30_Second_Chair_to_Stand_test.csv
- Data_of_Scales_-_Clavien-Dindo_classification.csv
- Data_of_Scales_-_EPIC-26.csv
- Data_of_Scales_-_NASA_TLX.csv
- Data_of_Scales_-_QoR-15.csv
Description: These excel files were the Data of all the scales of this RCT.
File: telesurgery_system_monitoring_data.zip
Description: This excel file contains monitoring data of round-trip latency, display latency, and frame loss of all the telesurgery cases.
File: Statistic_Codes-upload.md
Description: The R code and SAS code for the analysis of this RCT.
Code/software
The research analysis was conducted using R 4.4.1 and SAS software 9.4.
Human subjects data
This trial has received explicit consent from your participants to publish the de-identified data in the public domain. We are committed to preserving the anonymity and confidentiality of the study participants and their behaviors. We are also committed to the reproducibility of scientific results, and to offering other scholars the ability to advance science using the data we collected as part of this study.