We have revised the taxonomic status, nomenclature, synonymy and distribution of Buglossoides rochelii (syn. Lithospermum rochelii), previously also known as Buglossoides glandulosa (syn. Lithospermum glandulosum) or Buglossoides czernjajevii (syn. Lithospermum czernjajevii). The distributional data are presented in this dataset.

This work was based on field surveys, standard herbarium techniques, literature review, and analysis of selected specimens kept in the herbaria B, BP, CL, CWU, HAL, K, LE, MKNH, MW, PR, PRC, SO, SOA, SOM (acronyms according to Thiers 2023 +), and the Herbarium of the Regional Natural History Museum of Plovdiv (not registered in Index herbariorum). Because the name Buglossoides glandulosa has been widely but confusingly applied in the Balkans (incl. Romania), we checked all available records in order to clarify the actual distribution of B. rochelii in the western part of its range. Besides herbarium specimens, documented observations were used from the iNaturalist community (2023) and Plantarium (2023). A distribution map was compiled using locality data from herbarium specimens, documented observations and reliable literature.

The present dataset includes all the background data used except for iNaturalist. The localities were georeferenced ad hoc, with the utmost precision available, by the authors of this work.