Prevalence of culicine salivary antibodies in non-human primates living in national parks in Thailand
Data files
Jun 24, 2025 version files 38.55 KB
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Fig2-Antibody_titer.xlsx
12.30 KB
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Fig3-KK_antibody_titer.xlsx
11.49 KB
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Fig4-Antibody_titer_species_correlation.xlsx
11.24 KB
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Figure1.csv
227 B
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README.md
3.29 KB
Abstract
Macaques are widely distributed in Thailand with remarkable adaptation to living close to humans in residential, religious sites, markets, and tourist areas. They play an essential role in the persistence of pathogens in the environment. As reservoir hosts, they are exposed to hematophagous vectors that secrete saliva, a cocktail of bioactive molecules including antigenic components stimulating host antibody production. Subsequent to the detection of mosquito-borne pathogens in macaques living in national parks, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to crude salivary gland extracts (SGE) from culicine mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti [Linnaeus, 1762], Ae. albopictus [Skuse, 1895], and Culex quinquefasciatus [Say, 1823]) and compare individual titers between macaque species/national parks (33, Macaca arctoides [I.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831] [Primates: Cercopithecidae] from Kaeng Krachan, 23 M. leonina leonina [Blyth, 1863] [Primates: Cercopithecidae] from Khao Yai, and 4 M. fascicularis [Raffles, 1821] [Primates: Cercopithecidae] from Mu Ko Ranong). The anti-mosquito SGE antibodies found in 60 macaques from three national parks indicate varying levels of host-vector exposure. Macaque antibody titers were high against culicine mosquitoes. However, the significant difference among national parks (or macaque species) was only observed against Cx. quinquefasciatus. Correlation analysis of titers between Aedes SGE and arboviruses revealed a significantly more intense immune response against Ae. albopictus in DENV3-positive M. arctoides. Current findings support the concept of salivary biomarkers using accessible SGE, available from mosquito colonies of interest. However, we observed cross-reactivity between Aedes species because of crude SGE containing species-shared proteins. Nevertheless, a potential risk of pathogen transmission is emphasized between national park visitors and macaques via mosquitoes as bridge vectors. This information contributes to preventive measures against mosquito bites, including those implemented in tourist areas.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tht76hf7z
Description of the data and file structure
Figure1 file: data set Map of serum samples collected from macaques in Thailand national parks from 2018 to 2019.
Fig2 file: Immunoglobulin G SGE (salivary gland extract) antibody endpoint titers (log2) to three mosquito species: Aedes aegypti(circle), Ae. albopictus(square), and Culex quinquefasciatus(triangle) from national park-dwelling macaques determined by ELISA. Serum samples were collected from M. leonina, M. arctoides, and M. fascicularis from Khao Yai (KY) National Park in Nakhon Ratchasima, Kaeng Krachan (KK) National Park in Prachuap Khiri Khan, and Mu Ko Ranong (RN) National Park in Ranong, respectively.
Fig3 file: Salivary gland extract antibody titers (log2) against Aedes aegypti(A) and Ae. albopictus(B) between dengue virus/DENV- (A) and Zika virus/ZIKV- (B) positive (+ve) and -negative (-ve) stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) from Kaeng Krachan National Park
Fig4 file: IgG-SGE (salivary gland extract) antibody titers (log2) against mosquito species in national park-dwelling macaques in Thailand: (A) Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, (B) Ae. aegypti Culex quinquefasciatus, and (C) Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Files and variables
File: Figure1.csv
Description: data set Map of serum samples collected from macaques in Thailand national parks from 2018 to 2019.
Variables
- National Park:
- Province:
- Long:
- Lat:
File: Fig2-Antibody_titer.xlsx
Description: Immunoglobulin G SGE (salivary gland extract) antibody endpoint titers (log2) to three mosquito species: Aedes aegypti(circle), Ae. albopictus(square), and Culex quinquefasciatus(triangle) from national park-dwelling macaques determined by ELISA. Serum samples were collected from M. leonina, M. arctoides, and M. fascicularis from Khao Yai (KY) National Park in Nakhon Ratchasima, Kaeng Krachan (KK) National Park in Prachuap Khiri Khan, and Mu Ko Ranong (RN) National Park in Ranong, respectively.
Variables
- Macaque species
- National park
- Optical density to mosquitoes
- Antibody titer of mosquito species
File: Fig3-KK_antibody_titer.xlsx
Description: Salivary gland extract antibody titers (log2) against Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus between dengue virus/DENV- (A) and Zika virus/ZIKV- (B) positive (+ve) and -negative (-ve) stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) from Kaeng Krachan National Park
Variables
- Macaque species
- National park
- Endpoint titer of mosquito species
- PRNIT20 titer of DENV 1-4 and ZIKV
File: Fig4-Antibody_titer_species_correlation.xlsx
Description: IgG-SGE (salivary gland extract) antibody titers (log2) against mosquito species in national park-dwelling macaques in Thailand: (A) Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, (B) Ae. aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, and (C) Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Variables
- Macaque species
- National park
- Endpoint titer of mosquito species
Access information
Other publicly accessible locations of the data:
- none
Data was derived from the following sources:
- none
All data sets of antibody titers of macaque bloods, mosquito salivary grand extraction protein profiles, and PRNT titers of virus detections were recored in Microsolf excel spreed sheet solfware, USA.