Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.tx95x6b95

Description of the data and file structure

This dataset includes: (i) camera-based detection data for American black bears (Ursus americanus) sampled in panhandle of western Oklahoma (USA) during summers of 2022 and 2023; (ii) site-specific covariates characterizing camera location and conditions at each of 160 sites; (iii) survey-specific covariates characterizing temporal variation in environmental conditions over a 35-day sampling period at each camera site; (iv) nuclear DNA microsatellite loci consensus genotypes for black bears sampled in via noninvasive genetic sampling (i.e., hair snares and scat collection) in western Oklahoma (2022 and 2023) and via harvest in northeastern New Mexico (USA) during summer/fall of 2021; and, a summary of noninvasive genetic samples collected (captured) and assigned to each black bear sampled in Oklahoma based on multilocus genotypes.

Files and variables

File: Black_Bear_Camera_Detections.txt

Description: Camera-based detection histories for American black bears (Ursus americanus) sampled at 160 sites in the panhandle of western Oklahoma (USA) over 35 days during summers of 2022 and 2023.

Variables

• /*Site*/: Site identification for camera used to survey for black bears in western Oklahoma
• K1-K35: Binary encounter history indicating if a black bear was detected (1) or not (0) during an active Survey K (where each survey was a 24-hr period); "." indicates that the site was not actively surveyed

File: Camera_Survey_Covariates.txt

Description: Survey-specific covariates characterizing temporal variation in environmental conditions over a 35-day sampling period at 160 camera sites sampled in panhandle of western Oklahoma (USA) during summers of 2022 and 2023. Survey covariates for mean daily temperature (degrees Celsius) and total daily precipitation (mm)—where each survey was a 24-hr period—were retrieved from spatially explicit raster datasets; these data are not included but are available (1) for download directly from the PRISM Climate Group (PRISM CLIMATE GROUP, Oregon State University, https://prism.oregonstate.edu) or (2) by contacting the corresponding author. 

Variables

• /*Site*/: Site identification for camera used to survey for black bears in western Oklahoma
• Year: The year that the site was sampled
• DOY: Day of the year that sampling began at each site (where January 1 = DOY 1 in both years)
• Lure: Categorical covariate indicating which of four lures was applied to a site (Skunk = skunk-based lure; Beaver = beaver castor-based lure; Anise = anise oil-based lure; Blueberry = blueberry-based lure)

File: OK_Black_Bear_Capture_Data.txt

Description: Summary of noninvasive genetic samples collected (captured) and assigned to each unique black bear sampled in Oklahoma (USA) during summers of 2022 and 2023 based on multilocus genotypes.

Variables

• Bear_ID: Unique ID assigned to each black bear sampled
• Sample_Type: Indicates if the black bear 'capture' was achieved noninvasively via a hair snare (hair) or fecal collection (scat)
• Date_Collected: Indicates the date the black bear was 'captured' noninvasively (format: MM/DD/YYYY)
• UTM_Zone: Indicates the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system zone for coordinates (Easting and Northing)
• Easting: The horizontal distance (x-coordinate) eastward in meters for the UTM Zone
• Northing: The vertical distance (y-coordinate) northward in meters for the UTM Zone

File: Camera_SiteSpecific_Covariates.txt

Description: Site-specific covariates characterizing the location and conditions at each of 160 sites sampled in panhandle of western Oklahoma (USA) during summers of 2022 and 2023.

Variables

• /*Site*/: Site identification for camera used to survey for black bears in western Oklahoma
• UTM_Zone: Indicates the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system zone for coordinates (Easting and Northing)
• Easting: The horizontal distance (x-coordinate) eastward in meters for the UTM Zone
• Northing: The vertical distance (y-coordinate) northward in meters for the UTM Zone
• Year: The year that the site was sampled
• Elev_250: Mean elevation (m) within 250 m of the camera site
• Slope_1500: Mean slope (degrees) within 1500 m of the camera site
• PPC: Total number of prickly pear cacti (Opuntia spp.) patches (separated by >0.25 m) within 1 m of transects totaling 200 m in length; NA = missing value
• AM: Total number of ant mounds within 1 m of transects totaling 200 m in length; NA = missing value
• CWD: Relative coarse woody debris count that intercepted transects totaling 200 m in length (included logs with diameter ≥10 cm and brush piles with woody debris); NA = missing value
• CanCov: Mean percent canopy cover from 5 measurements collected with a spherical densiometer at the center of the sampling area and at the end of 4 50-m transects; NA = missing value
• Juniper: Ocular estimates of percent landcover within 50 m of the site center attributable to juniper (*Juniperus spp.) *

File: Black_Bear_Consensus_Genotypes.txt

Description: Summary of nuclear DNA microsatellite loci consensus genotypes for black bears sampled in via noninvasive genetic sampling (i.e., hair snares and scat collection) in western Oklahoma (USA) during summers of 2022 and 2023, or via harvest in northeastern New Mexico (USA) during summer/fall of 2021.

Variables

• Bear_ID: Unique ID assigned to each black bear sampled
• State: Indicates if the black bear was sampled in Oklahoma (OK) or New Mexico (NM), USA
• Sample_Type: Indicates if the black bear genetic sample was collected from Tissue (i.e., a harvested bear) or noninvasively via hair, scat, or both hair and scat
• Sex: Indicates if the black bear was Male (M) or Female (F); Sex identification based on amplification of SE47-48 markers
• Year: Indicates the year the black bear was first sampled
• Date_Collected: Indicates the date the black bear was first sampled (format: MM/DD/YYYY)
• UTM_Zone: Indicates the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system zone for coordinates (Easting and Northing)
• Easting: The horizontal distance (x-coordinate) eastward in meters for the UTM Zone
• Northing: The vertical distance (y-coordinate) northward in meters for the UTM Zone
• CXX.20.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus CXX.20; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• CXX.20.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus CXX.20; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• D1a.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus D1a; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• D1a.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus D1a; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10B.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus G10B; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10B.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus G10B; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10C.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus G10C; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10C.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus G10C; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10H.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus G10H; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10H.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus G10H; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10L.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus G10L; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10L.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus G10L; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10M.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus G10M; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10M.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus G10M; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10X.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus G10X; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G10X.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus G10X; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G1D.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus G1D; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• G1D.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus G1D; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• Mu15.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus Mu15; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• Mu15.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus Mu15; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• Mu59.1: Allele 1 for microsatellite locus Mu59; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication
• Mu59.2: Allele 2 for microsatellite locus Mu59; 0 in allele call indicates uncertainty (i.e., incomplete genotypes) resulting from failure to amplify, low amplification success, or inconsistencies among amplification replicates that could not be resolved through replication

Code/software

No specialized software is required. All data is formatted as simple text files that may be viewed with any text editor.

Access information

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