Data from: Macroevolutionary patterns and drivers of skull shape in the global radiation of true toads
Data files
Oct 28, 2025 version files 165.77 KB
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classifiers.csv
8.94 KB
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coords.tps
126.62 KB
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links.csv
225 B
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PEA23_Bufonidae.phy
18.49 KB
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README.md
1.56 KB
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RSCRIPT_PRSB.R
9.93 KB
Abstract
True toads (Bufonidae) are a highly diverse group of amphibians that have dispersed across the globe. This makes them well-suited to exploring deep-time patterns of phenotypic evolution on a global scale. However, most true toads (former genus Bufo) have long been considered morphologically conserved and the adaptive nature of their radiation has previously yielded mixed results. We investigated the macroevolutionary patterns of the skull in true toads using micro-computed tomography data, geometric morphometrics, and comparative methods, and assessed the relationship between skull shape and geographical range, as well as phylogeny, body size, and habitat, which have previously been suggested as important drivers of amphibian cranial evolution. Body size and geographical range are identified as key factors influencing skull shape in true toads. The assumption that true toads formerly in the genus Bufo have highly conserved skulls is challenged by the fact that different groups occupy distinct morphospace domains. Early in the evolution of large true toads, prior to their global expansion, high morphological change and relatively high evolutionary rates resulted in increased disparity, which are signs of adaptive radiation.
GENERAL INFORMATION
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Data from: Macroevolutionary patterns and drivers of skull shape in the global radiation of true toads
By: Tomás Ventura & Raúl O. Gómez
Proceedings of the Royal Society B
DOI:10.1098/rspb.2025.2323
SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION
- Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: None: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain
DATA & FILE OVERVIEW
- File List:
A) coords.tps: 3D coordinates of skull shape in 72 species of true toads in TPS format.
B) classifiers.csv: species data including ID, species in tree, species, group memberships (Group_5; Group_2), geographic range (Area in deg2), maximum body size category (in mm), body size (in mm), and microhabitat.
C) PEA23_Bufonidae.phy: phylogenetic tree used in the analyses.
D) links.csv: links file to be used in the making of transformation grids.
E) RSCRIPT_PRSB.R: R script used to perform all the analyses.
F) Ventura_Gomez_tables_figures_ESM.pdf: PDF compiling species data and results including
Table S1. Micro-CT data of true toads
Figure S1. Phylogeny of true toads
Table S2. Group, geographical rngae, body size, and microhabitat data of true toads
Table S3. Summary of variance in PCs 1–5
Table S4. Scores of PCs 1–5
Table S5. Loadings of PCs 1–5
Figure S2. Phylomorphospaces of skull shape coloured by group
Table S6. Results of the Procrustes ANOVA
Table S7. Results of the phylogenetic ANOVA
Figure S3. Phylomorphospaces of skull shape coloured by body size category
Table S8. Procrustes distances along PC1, branch times, and evolutionary rates