Small fly eyes should not see fine image details. Because flies exhibit saccadic visual behaviors and their compound eyes have relatively few ommatidia (sampling points), their photoreceptors would be expected to generate blurry and coarse retinal images of the world. Here we demonstrate that Drosophila see the world far better than predicted from the classic theories. By using electrophysiological, optical and behavioral assays, we found that R1-R6 photoreceptors' encoding capacity in time is maximized to fast high-contrast bursts, which resemble their light input during saccadic behaviors. Whilst over space, R1-R6s resolve moving objects at saccadic speeds beyond the predicted motion-blur-limit. Our results show how refractory phototransduction and rapid photomechanical photoreceptor contractions jointly sharpen retinal images of moving objects in space-time, enabling hyperacute vision, and explain how such microsaccadic information sampling exceeds the compound eyes' optical limits. These discoveries elucidate how acuity depends upon photoreceptor function and eye movements.
Figure 1 (all responses to stimuli)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data in Figure 1
Figure 1-Fig Supl 1 (data from all cells)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data in Figure 1-Figure Supplement 1
Figure 2 (SNR, infromation and efficiency)
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Figure 2-Fig Supl 1
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Figure 2-Fig Supl 2 (eye-movement noise)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data in Figure 2-Figure Supplement 2
Figure 2-Fig Supl 3 (Burst, WN and NS)
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Figure 2-Figure Suplement 4
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Figure 3 (all WN simulations final)
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Figure 4 (simulated responses SNR info)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data in Figure 4
Figure 5 (Info max all cells)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data in Figure 5
Figure 5-Fig Supl 1 (comparing response SNRs )
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data in Figure 5-Figure Supplement 1
Figure 6 (Combined)
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Figure 6-Fig Supl 1 (Sac Lin Shuf Rec and sim)
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Figure 7 (all two dots data)
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Figure 7-Fig Supl 1 (WT and hdc DA RFs)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data for Figure 7-Figure Supplement 1
Figure 7-Fig Supl 2 (WT and hdc LA RFs)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data for Figure 7-Figure Supplement 2
Figure 8 (microsaccades)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data for Figure 8
Figure 8-Fig Supl 1 (WToutput 205 and 409 degs)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data for Figure 8-Figure Supplement 1
Figure 9 (hyperacuity predictions)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data for Figure 9
Figure 9-Fig Supl 1 (hyperacuity at 25C)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data for Figure 9-Figure Supplement 1
Figure 10 (hyperacute optomotor experiments)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data for Figure 10
Figure 10-Fig Supl 1 (all hyperacuity data)
Origin (OriginLab software) file that contains the data for Figure 10-Figure Supplement 1
Appendix Figure 5
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Appendix Figure 51
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