TY - DATA ID - doi:10.5061/dryad.1q3b6 T1 - Data from: The identification of concerted convergence in insect heads corroborates Palaeoptera AU - Blanke A AU - Greve C AU - Wipfler B AU - Beutel R AU - Holland B AU - Misof B Y1 - 2012/11/23/ N2 - The relationships of the three major clades of winged insects - Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Neoptera - are still unclear. Many morphologists favor a clade Metapterygota (Odonata+Neoptera), but Chiastomyaria (Ephemeroptera+Neoptera) or Palaeoptera (Ephemeroptera+Odonata) have also been supported in some older and more recent studies. A possible explanation for the difficulties in resolving these relationships is concerted convergence - the convergent evolution of entire character complexes under the same or similar selective pressures. In this study we analyse possible instances of this phenomenon in the context of head structures of Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Neoptera. We apply a recently introduced formal approach to detect the occurrence of concerted convergence. We found that characters of the tentorium and mandibles in particular, but also some other head structures, have apparently not evolved independently, and thus can cause artefacts in tree reconstruction. Our subsequent analyses, which exclude character sets that may be affected by concerted convergence, corroborate the Palaeoptera concept. We show that the analysis of homoplasy and its influence on tree inference can be formally improved with important consequences for the identification of incompatibilities between datasets. Our results suggest that modified weighting (or exclusion of characters) in cases of formally identified correlated cliques of characters may improve morphology based tree reconstruction. KW - character clique KW - homoplasy KW - mouthparts KW - convergent evolution KW - Ephemeroptera KW - Odonata KW - Metapterygota KW - Chiastomyaria KW - Palaeoptera JF - Systematic Biology PB - Dryad Data Repository UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1q3b6 DO - doi:10.5061/dryad.1q3b6 ER -