Climate change may influence the phenology of organisms unequally across trophic levels and thus lead to phenological mismatches between predators and prey. In cases where prey availability peaks before reproducing predators reach maximal prey demand, any negative fitness consequences would selectively favor resynchronization by earlier starts of the reproductive activities of the predators. At a study site in northeast Greenland, over a period of 17 years, the median emergence of the invertebrate prey of Sanderling Calidris alba advanced with 1.27 days per year. Yet, over the same period Sanderling did not advance hatching date. Thus, Sanderlings increasingly hatched after their prey was maximally abundant. Surprisingly, the phenological mismatches did not affect chick growth, but the interaction of the annual width and height of the peak in food abundance did. Chicks grew especially better in years when the food peak was broad. Sanderling clutches were most likely to be depredated early in the season, which should delay reproduction. We propose that high early clutch predation may favor a later reproductive timing. Additionally, our data suggest that in most years food was still abundant after the median date of emergence, which may explain why Sanderlings did not advance breeding along with the advances in arthropod phenology.
Reneerkens et al 2016 Ecol&Evol -Clutch survival
Table of histories of Sanderling (Calidris alba) clutches in Zackenberg, northeast Greenland, 2007-2013. Columns contain data about (1) “Date found”, the day of the breeding season on which the nest was found; (2) “Date last checked when alive”, the last day the clutch was checked when alive; (3) “Date last checked”, the last day the clutch was checked; (4) “Fate”, the fate of the nest (0 = successfully hatched, 1 = depredated) and (5) “Hatch date”, the date of hatch, which was observed in case the clutch was successful, or estimated based on egg flotation, in case the clutch was not successful. Dates are scaled such that 10 June is day 1, the earliest date at which a clutch was found. Further information is found in the methods section of the publication.
Reneerkens et al 2016 Ecol&Evol - Arthropod abundance
Table of arthropod abundance in Zackenberg in the years 1996-2013 (excluding 2010). Columns contain data about Year, Date (day of year), and the number of individual arthropods per pitfall trap per day for the orders Aranea, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera. Further information is found in the methods section of the publication. Data have been collected within the BioBasis programme of the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) and are publicly available via http://data.g-e-m.dk/.
Reneerkens et al 2016 Ecol&Evol -Growth curve
Table of body mass of Sanderling (Calidris alba) chicks of varying ages (in days) at Zackenberg and Hochstetter Forland (northeast Greenland). Individuals are identified by their ringnumber and the family (NestID). Further information is found in the methods section of the publication.
Reneerkens et al 2016 Ecol&Evol -Sanderling hatch dates
Table of hatch dates of Sanderling (Calidris alba) clutches in Zackenberg, northeast Greenland. Hatch dates of clutches that successfully hatched are observed hatch dates. Hatch dates of clutches that did not hatch were estimates based on egg flotation, and those of broods are based on the estimated age of the chicks using a species-specific growth curve of body mass. Further information is found in the methods section of the publication.
Reneerkens et al 2016 Ecol&Evol -Snow cover
Table of snow cover on the Aucella mountain in the Zackenberg monitoring area. The location is “Aucella_S_low”, where most Sanderling (Calidris alba) clutches were found and for which a most complete dataset existed. Snow cover is given as the percentage of the total area in the region per date. Data have been collected within the GeoBasis programme of the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring and are publicly available via http://data.g-e-m.dk/, where also information can be found about the location and size of the daily photographed area. Further information is found in the methods section of the publication.
Reneerkens et al 2016 Ecol&Evol -Arthropod size
Table of sizes (and biomass) of individual arthropods collected in Zackenberg, summer 2007. Each of the 6 plots (ART5, ART 7, INS1, INS2, INS3 and INS4) consisted of a line of 10 yellow pitfall traps at ca. 1 meter distance from each other. Occasionally, arthropods were identified to the order and, if possible, family level. Identified orders were Acari (ACAR), ARAN, Coleoptera (COLE), Diptera (DIPT), Hymenoptera (HYME), and Lepidoptera (LEPI). Identified families, within the before mentioned orders, were Apidae, genus Bombus (BOMB), Calliphoridae (CALL), Chironomidae (CHIR), Culicidae (CULI), Gnaphosidae (GNAP), Hemiptera (HEMI), Heteroptera (HETE), Linyphiidae (LINY), Lycosidae (LYCO), Muscidae (MUSC), Noctuidae (NOCT), Nymphalidae (NYMP), Parasitica (PARA), Phoridae (PHOR), Pieridae (PIER), Sciaridae (SCIA), Syrphidae (SYRP), Thomisidae (THOM), Tipulidae (TIPU) and Trichoceridae (TRIC). LARV stands for larvae of the specified order or families. Further information is found in the appendix S1 of the publication.