In this study, I examine the influence of urban canopy cover on gene flow between 15 white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) populations in New York City. Nm calculated from F_ST and recent migration estimated in BayesAss+, but not historic migration estimated in Migrate-n, exhibited significant isolation-by-distance (IBD). Gene flow was also associated with “effective distances” between populations that were calculated based on percent canopy cover using two different approaches: 1) isolation-by-effective-distance (IED) that calculates the single best pathway to minimize passage through high-resistance (i.e. low canopy cover) areas, and 2) isolation-by-resistance (IBR), an implementation of circuit theory that identifies all low-resistance paths through the landscape. IBR, but not IED, models were still significantly associated with all three measures of gene flow after factoring out the influence of IBD using partial Mantel tests. In cases where both IBR and IED explained gene flow independently of IBD, an additional partial Mantel test indicated that the IBR models still explained gene flow after factoring out IED. The IBR models that explained the most variation in recent migration after factoring out IBD (r = 0.70 – 0.90) included landscape cells with at least 60-80% canopy cover as low resistance habitat. These results have implications for understanding the impacts of urbanization trends on native wildlife, as well as for urban reforestation efforts that aim to improve urban ecosystem processes.
Bronx and Manhattan 18-locus microsatellite genotypes
Genepop text file of 18-locus microsatellite genotypes for populations in the Bronx and Manhattan.
BronxMtn.Genepop.txt
Queens 18-locus microsatellite genotypes
Genepop text file of 18-locus microsatellite genotypes for populations in Queens
Queens.Genepop.txt
Spatial coordinates of Bronx & Manhattan populations
Text file with spatial coordinates for Bronx and Manhattan populations in this study. This format can be used directly in Circuitscape, although the population codes may need to be replaced by numbers. The population codes match those in the text, and the spatial units are the same used for the resistance grids.
bronxmnhtn.coords.txt
Spatial coordinates of Queens populations
Text file with spatial coordinates for Queens populations in this study. This format can be used directly in Circuitscape, although the population codes may need to be replaced by numbers. The population codes match those in the text, and the spatial units are the same used for the resistance grids.
queens.coords.txt
Uniform resistance grid for NYC metro study area
ASCII Grid file of NYC metro study area with uniform resistance of 1 for each landscape cell. This Grid can be used to generate the equivalent of isolation-by-distance in Circuitscape. Grid is 2,385 columns by 3,140 rows, for a total number of 7,488,900 cells. Each cell is 30 m x 30 m.
canopy_flat.asc
ASCII Grid of resistance values for Tree Canopy Resistance Scenario 1
ASCII Grid file of NYC metro study area for Resistance Scenario 1. Each cell with less than 90% tree canopy cover was assigned a high resistance value of 10,000. The grid is 2,385 columns by 3,140 rows, for a total number of 7,488,900 cells. Each cell is 30 m x 30 m.
canopy_grid1.asc
ASCII Grid of resistance values for Tree Canopy Resistance Scenario 2
ASCII Grid file of NYC metro study area for Resistance Scenario 2. Each cell with less than 80% tree canopy cover was assigned a high resistance value of 10,000. The grid is 2,385 columns by 3,140 rows, for a total number of 7,488,900 cells. Each cell is 30 m x 30 m.
canopy_grid2.asc
ASCII Grid of resistance values for Tree Canopy Resistance Scenario 3
ASCII Grid file of NYC metro study area for Resistance Scenario 3. Each cell with less than 70% tree canopy cover was assigned a high resistance value of 10,000. The grid is 2,385 columns by 3,140 rows, for a total number of 7,488,900 cells. Each cell is 30 m x 30 m.
canopy_grid3.asc
ASCII Grid of resistance values for Tree Canopy Resistance Scenario 4
ASCII Grid file of NYC metro study area for Resistance Scenario 4. Each cell with less than 60% tree canopy cover was assigned a high resistance value of 10,000. The grid is 2,385 columns by 3,140 rows, for a total number of 7,488,900 cells. Each cell is 30 m x 30 m.
canopy_grid4.asc
ASCII Grid of resistance values for Tree Canopy Resistance Scenario 5
ASCII Grid file of NYC metro study area for Resistance Scenario 5. Each cell with less than 50% tree canopy cover was assigned a high resistance value of 10,000. The grid is 2,385 columns by 3,140 rows, for a total number of 7,488,900 cells. Each cell is 30 m x 30 m.
canopy_grid5.asc
ASCII Grid of resistance values for Tree Canopy Resistance Scenario 6
ASCII Grid file of NYC metro study area for Resistance Scenario 6. Each cell with less than 40% tree canopy cover was assigned a high resistance value of 10,000. The grid is 2,385 columns by 3,140 rows, for a total number of 7,488,900 cells. Each cell is 30 m x 30 m.
canopy_grid6.asc
ASCII Grid of resistance values for Tree Canopy Resistance Scenario 7
ASCII Grid file of NYC metro study area for Resistance Scenario 7. Each cell with less than 30% tree canopy cover was assigned a high resistance value of 10,000. The grid is 2,385 columns by 3,140 rows, for a total number of 7,488,900 cells. Each cell is 30 m x 30 m.
canopy_grid7.asc
ASCII Grid of resistance values for Tree Canopy Resistance Scenario 8
ASCII Grid file of NYC metro study area for Resistance Scenario 8. Each cell with less than 20% tree canopy cover was assigned a high resistance value of 10,000. The grid is 2,385 columns by 3,140 rows, for a total number of 7,488,900 cells. Each cell is 30 m x 30 m.
canopy_grid8.asc
ASCII Grid of resistance values for Tree Canopy Resistance Scenario 9
ASCII Grid file of NYC metro study area for Resistance Scenario 9. Each cell with less than 10% tree canopy cover was assigned a high resistance value of 10,000. The grid is 2,385 columns by 3,140 rows, for a total number of 7,488,900 cells. Each cell is 30 m x 30 m.
canopy_grid9.asc