From an herbivore’s first bite, plants release herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) which can attract enemies of herbivores. However, other animals and competing plants can intercept HIPVs for their own use, and it remains unclear whether HIPVs serve as an indirect defense by increasing fitness for the emitting plant. In a two-year field study, HIPV-emitting N. attenuata plants produced twice as many buds and flowers as HIPV-silenced plants, but only when native Geocoris spp. predators reduced herbivore loads (by 50%) on HIPV-emitters. In concert with HIPVs, plants also employ antidigestive trypsin protease inhibitors (TPIs), but TPI-producing plants were not fitter than TPI-silenced plants. TPIs weakened a specialist herbivore’s behavioral evasive responses to simulated Geocoris spp. attack, indicating that TPIs function against specialists by enhancing indirect defense.
F1A_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012TPIactivity
Trypsin protease inhibitor activity in systemic leaves of herbivore-attacked plants to accompany Figure 1A.
F1B_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012PItranscripts
Quantitative PCR (SYBR GREEN) data and analysis of PI gene transcript abundance, to accompany Figure 1B.
F2A_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012chromatograms
Text files of GC-MS chromatograms shown in Figure 2A.
F2B_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012chromatograms
Text files of GC-FID chromatograms shown in Figure 2B.
F3A_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012GLVpools
GC-FID peak areas and data analysis to accompany Figure 3A.
F3B_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012GLVheadspace
GC-MS and Z-Nose (tm) peak areas and data analysis to accompany Figure 3B.
F3C_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012LOX2transcripts
Quantitative PCR (SYBR Green) data and analysis of LOX2 gene transcript abundance to accompany Figure 3C.
F5BC_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012predation
Larval and egg predation data and analysis to accompany Figure 5 B and C.
F6AB_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012growth_reproduction2011
Growth and reproduction data from plants in the 2011 field experiment to accompany Figure 6 A and B.
F6AC_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012growth_reproduction2010
Growth and reproduction data from plants in the 2010 field experiment to accompany Figure 6 A and C.
F7A_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012herbivoreDamage2010
Herbivore damage data and analysis for plants in the 2010 field experiment, to accompany Figure 7A.
F7BC_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012herbivoreDamage2011
Herbivore damage data and analysis for plants in the 2011 field experiment, to accompany Figure 7 B and C.
F8_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012triplets
Growth, reproduction, herbivore damage and health data and analysis from plants matched for assay M4 (see timeline in Figure 1 of the publication), to accompany Figure 8.
F9A_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012data2010
Manduca spp. larval mortality and plant reproduction data and analysis from plants in the 2010 field experiment, to accompany Figure 9A.
F9B_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012data2011
Manduca spp. larval mortality and plant reproduction data and analysis for plants in the 2011 field experiment, to accompany Figure 9B.
F10_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012Manduca
Manduca spp. behavior and performance data and analysis, to accompany Figure 10.
T3_SchumanBarthelBaldwin2012growth_reproduction2011
Additonal analysis of the growth and reproduction data for plants in the 2011 field experiment, to accompany Table 4; referred to in the caption for Figure 6.
Video-1
On-plant assay, plant 7u, WT, June 18, 2011. H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video.
Video-2
On-plant assay, plant 2o, irPI, June 18, 2011. H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video.
Video-3
Off-plant assay, replicate 3, WT, June 24, 2011. H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video.
Video-4
Off-plant assay, replicate 3, irPI, 24th June 2011. H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video.