Bamboo is easier to mould and attack by fungi because of its higher content of starch and sugar. To make bamboo-based outdoor materials，a new type bamboo timber with improved mould-resistance and antibacterial activity, coated with reduced graphene oxide and nano crystal ZnO (abbreviated as RGO@ZnOBT), was fabricated by two steps of dip-dry and hydro-thermal process. A possible synthesis mechanism of RGO@ZnOBT making were discussed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, energy-dispersal X-ray analysis, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to the China standard test method, the Aspergillus niger mould resistance of RGO@ZnOBT is grade 2, meanwhile the Trichoderma virideduring ang Penicillium citrinum mould resistance of RGO@ZnOBT are grade 0, which are better than the grade 4 of original bamboo timber (abbreviated as BT). The Escherichia coli resistance test showed that antibacterial circle of RGO@ZnOBT is 3 mm, which is greatly higher than BT (0 mm). The antibacterial activity of treated bamboo is greatly significantly improved.