Data for: Convergent evolution of tail spines in squamate reptiles driven by microhabitat use
Data files
Feb 12, 2020 version files 730.64 KB
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dated_tree.tre
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ESM_description.docx
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Supplementary_Figure_1.docx
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Supplementary_References.docx
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Supplementary_Table_1.xlsx
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Supplementary_Table_2.xlsx
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Supplementary_Table_3.xlsx
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Supplementary_Table_4.xlsx
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Supplementary_Table_5.xlsx
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Supplementary_Table_6.xlsx
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Supplementary_Table_7.xlsx
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Supplementary_Table_8.xlsx
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Abstract
The repeated evolution of convergent or analogous traits is often used as evidence for adaptive evolution. Squamate reptiles show a high degree of convergence in a variety of morphological traits; however, the evolutionary mechanisms driving these patterns are not fully understood. Here we investigate the evolution of tail spines, a trait that evolved multiple times in evolutionarily independent clades of lizards. Taking a comparative phylogenetic approach, we use 2877 squamate species to demonstrate that the evolution of spiny tails is correlated with microhabitat use, with species that live in rocky habitats significantly more likely to have evolved spiny tails. In light of previous behavioural observations, our results suggest that spiny-tailed lizards have an advantage in rocky habitats through predation avoidance, where tail spines are used to prevent extraction from rocky crevices. In concordance with previous research on lizard body armour, our results suggest that the evolution of tail spines is coupled to both a rock-dwelling lifestyle and predator avoidance strategies, and highlight a complex interplay between different selective pressures on the evolution of defensive morphologies in reptiles.
Supplementary Figure 1
Distinction of the SPINY and the SPINY STRICT datasets
Supplementary Table 1
Data
Body size, microhabitat and spiny tail data of the 2877 squamate species used in the study
Supplementary Table 2
Results of the fitPagel funtion
Results of the fitPagel function, testing for correlations between the evolution of spiny tails and microhabitat use
Supplementary Table 3
Results of the HiSSE models
Results of the hidden state-dependent speciation and extinction models (HiSSE), testing for changes in diversification rates associated with spiny tails
Supplementary Table 4
Results of the D statistic
Results of the D statistic, testing for a phylogenetic signal of the spiny tail trait
Supplementary Table 5
Phylogenetic ANOVA results (spiny tails vs microhabitat)
Results of the phylogenetic ANOVA, testing if there are differences in the number of spiny-tailed species in different microhabitats
Supplementary Table 6
Phylogenetic ANOVA results (spiny tails vs. body size)
Results of the phylogenetic ANOVA, testing if there are differences in body size between spiny-tailed and non-spiny-tailed species
Supplementary Table 7
Phylogenetic ANOVA results (microhabitat vs body size)
Results of the phylogenetic ANOVA, testing if there are differences in body size between squamates occupying different microhabitats
Supplementary Table 8
Phylogenetic logistic regression results
Results of the phylogenetic logistic regression, testing for correlations between the spiny tail trait and body size
Supplementary references
Literature list used for coding the spiny tail and microhabitat traits
Tree file
Dated tree used for the analyses