Data from: Effects of disbudding on behavior and heart rate during jugular venipuncture in dairy calves
Data files
Nov 22, 2024 version files 227.54 MB
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Drwencke_Disbudding_and_jugular_venipuncture_analysis_240717.pdf
309.45 KB
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Drwencke_Disbudding_and_jugular_venipuncture_analysis_240717.Rmd
10.18 KB
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Drwencke_Disbudding_and_jugular_venipuncture_clean_data.xlsx
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Drwencke_Disbudding_and_jugular_venipuncture_example.mp4
226.96 MB
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Drwencke_Disbudding_and_jugular_venipuncture_reliability_240502.pdf
222 KB
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Drwencke_Disbudding_and_jugular_venipuncture_reliability_240502.Rmd
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Drwencke_Disbudding_and_jugular_venipuncture_reliability_data.xlsx
13.46 KB
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README.md
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Abstract
Disbudding is a common painful procedure that alters physiological and behavioral responses in calves. Other routine management procedures are commonly performed on calves while these disbudding wounds are healing, such as vaccine injections, jugular venipuncture to check for passive immunity, and ear tagging. While disbudding is known to cause long-lasting pain, the effects of an additional invasive procedure on calf behavior and heart rate when wounds are present is understudied. To evaluate the effects of multiple, consecutive routine management procedures, we tested whether calves were more reactive to handling and a jugular venipuncture that occurred 3 d after caustic paste disbudding compared to those that were not disbudded. We assigned 26 heifers to 2 treatments at 3 d of age: sham handling (n = 13) or caustic-paste disbudding (n = 13). Three d after paste was applied, heart rate and 3 behaviors (hindleg lifts, foreleg lifts, struggling) were observed while the calves were restrained and a jugular venipuncture was performed. Although there was no evidence of a significant difference in average heart rate (mean ± SE: Paste = 142 ± 4; Control = 148 ± 7 beats/min), foreleg lifts (mean ± SE: Paste = 3.3 ± 0.4; Control = 2.9 ± 0.5 lifts/min), or struggling (mean ± SE: Paste = 0.03 ± 0.01; Control = 0.03 ± 0.01 proportion of handling time), disbudded calves performed more hindleg lifts during the venipuncture than non-disbudded calves (mean ± SE: Paste = 7.5 ± 1.1; Control = 4.1 ± 0.6 lifts/min). However, foreleg lifts and struggling were likely hindered by the restraint used. Similarly, heart rate may have reached a ceiling effect associated with the stress of handling. The difference in hindleg lifts provides preliminary evidence that disbudded calves are more responsive to the combination of handling and jugular venipuncture 3 d later than non-disbudded controls.
Data were collected from 26 heifers. Calves were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: caustic paste disbudding (n = 13; 10 Holsteins and 3 Jerseys) or control (n = 13; 10 Holsteins and 3 Jerseys). On d 3 of life, pain relief was provided, and Dr. Naylor’s paste was rubbed into unshaved horn buds at 0.25 or 0.30 mL/per horn bud when calves had a birthweight of < 34 kg or ≥ 34 kg, respectively for disbudded calves. Control calves received a sham handling procedure on d 3. On d 6, all calves had a jugular venipuncture performed, a standard procedure used to evaluate passive transfer of immunity. During the blood draw, calves were fitted with a heart rate monitor and video recorded. Videos were observed for 3 behaviors: hindleg lifts, foreleg lifts, and struggling. To account for variation in handling time, among calf behavior was analyzed as a proportion of time observed.
Description of the data and file structure
- Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture clean data.xlsx; This file presents the behavior data for calves obtained via video observation. Treatment designates disbudded “Paste” or sham handled “control”. CalfID indicates the ear tag number for individual identification of a calf. Breed is Jersey or Holstein for each calf. Behavior indicates which of the 3 observed (hindleg lifts; foreleg lifts; struggling) values are being shown in that row. The “Type” of behavior is represented as a count or duration and the corresponding value is represented in the “Count/DurationObserved” column. For struggling, the “Proportion” column was calculated by dividing the duration by “HandlingTime_Sec” which represents the total length of the blood draw handling in seconds. For hindleg and foreleg lifts, the “Proportion” column was calculated by dividing the count of each behavior by the handling time and multiplying by 60 to get the behaviors on a per minute basis. Heart rate in beats/min was averaged throughout the handling time for each calf and is shown in the “HR_BPM” column.
- Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture analysis 240717.Rmd; This RMarkdown file uses the .xlsx file listed above to build and validate models to describe the effects of treatment (Control and Paste) on behavior and heart rate (beats/min), and produce the model results used in the corresponding paper. Rmd files can be downloaded and run in R. This file is annotated.
- Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture analysis 240717.pdf; This file is the PDF output of the corresponding RMarkdown file, and includes the code and output previews. This file is annotated.
- Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture reliability data.xlsx; This file presents data used to calculate inter and intra observer reliability. Videos were continuously scored in BORIS for the frequency (total number of occurrences) of foreleg and hindleg lifts and the duration of struggling (in seconds). “NA” indicates that the behavior does not have a duration and the column does not apply to that row.
- “Inter observer” sheet; This sheet presents the frequency (total count) or duration (in seconds) of each behavior scored by HG and AMD for the respective videos. AMD was used as the gold standard and reliability was calculated using ICC3. The “Video” column indicates an individual identification number for that video and the order in which they were watched. The videos used for Inter and Intra observer reliability were not the same and were stored in separate folders on the computer. The “Behaviors” column indicates which of the 3 observed (hindleg lifts; foreleg lifts; struggling) values are being shown in that row. Hind and foreleg lifts are counts while struggling is a duration in seconds. “HGCount” and “HGDuration” show the total observed count or duration of the respective behavior by observer “HG”. “AMDCount” and “AMDDuration” show the total observed count or duration of the respective behavior by observer “AMD”.
- “Intra observer” sheet; This sheet presents the frequency or duration of each behavior scored by HG at the start (indicated by 1 in the column title) and end (indicated by 2 in the column title) of data collection. Intra observer reliability calculated using ICC3. The “Video” column indicates an individual identification number for that video and the order in which they were watched. The videos used for Inter and Intra observer reliability were not the same and were stored in seprate folders on the computer. The “Behavior” column indicates which of the 3 observed (hindleg lifts; foreleg lifts; struggling) values are being shown in that row. Hind and foreleg lifts are counts while struggling is a duration in seconds. “HG1Count” and “HG1Duration” show the total observed count or duration of the respective behavior by observer “HG” at the beginning of video observation. “HG2Count” and “HG2Duration” show the total observed count or duration of the respective behavior by observer “HG” at the end of video observation.
- “Results” sheet; This sheet provides the ICC3 results for each behavior for both inter and intra observer reliability. The “Behavior” column indicates which of the 3 observed (hindleg lifts; foreleg lifts; struggling) values are being shown in that row. Hind and foreleg lifts are counts while struggling is a duration in seconds. “InterObserver_ICC3” shows the results of the ICC_3 comparison between AMD and HG for the respective behavior. “IntraObserver_ICC3” shows the results of the ICC_3 comparison between HG at the start and end of video observation.
- Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture reliability 240502.Rmd; This RMarkdown file uses the .xlsx file listed above to evaluate inter and intra observer reliability. Rmd files can be downloaded and run in R. This file is annotated.
- Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture reliability 240502.pdf; This file is the PDF output of the corresponding RMarkdown file, and includes the code and output previews. This file is annotated.
- Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture example.mp4; This video file is an example of the process used to conduct the jugular venipuncture. This video was used to score behavioral differences between disbudded and control calves during the procedure.
Code/Software
All analyses were run in R using RStudio. Software versions, including those for all packages used, are included in Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture analysis 240318.Rmd, Drwencke_Disbudding and jugular venipuncture reliability 240318.Rmd, and the associated PDF exports.