Data from: Impacts of sequential and simultaneous coinfection by major amphibian pathogens on disease outcomes
Data files
Jul 10, 2025 version files 30.09 KB
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Bd_Rv_Coinfection_Code.Rmd
22.44 KB
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ce_perfrog.csv
5.34 KB
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README.md
2.31 KB
Abstract
In natural environments, hosts frequently experience infections from multiple pathogenic species or strains, significantly influencing disease dynamics. Despite shared susceptible hosts and overlapping distributions, the impacts of coinfections by the two most threatening global amphibian pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Ranavirus (Rv), remain largely understudied. This study offers new insights into how simultaneous and sequential exposures to Bd and Rv influence disease outcomes in an amphibian host under controlled experimental conditions. Our findings reveal that the sequence and timing of pathogen exposure can lead to contrasting outcomes. Animals previously exposed to Rv displayed the highest mortality after subsequent Bd infection, whereas simultaneous exposure to both pathogens resulted in higher survival compared to single infections. These findings suggest that priority effects, driven by differences in the timing and order of pathogen exposure, can exacerbate disease severity in amphibian populations, particularly in communities with persistent, sublethal Rv infections. This study highlights the critical role of pathogen interactions in shaping disease dynamics and emphasizes the importance of integrating coinfections into wildlife disease management strategies to mitigate biodiversity crises in amphibians and beyond.
DATA & FILE OVERVIEW
File List:
- ce_perfrog.csv
- Bd_Rv_Coinfection_Code.Rmd
Relationship between files:
Use file number 1 to run R code number 2.
DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: ce_perfrog.csv
Number of variables: 18
Number of rows: 54
Variable List:
- ID: Frog identification number.
- treatment: Experimental treatments or control group. Bd - animals were exposed to Bd only. Rv - animals were exposed to Rv only. Bd+Rv - animals were exposed to both Bd and Rv simultaneously; BdRv - animals were first exposed to Bd, and then to Rv in the second exposure; RvBd - animals were first exposed to Rv, and then to Bd in the second exposure; and ctr - control group.
- censor: 1 when the frog died, and 0 when it survived until the end of the experiment.
- death_day: Values reflect the number of days until death, (unit: days).
- death_post_Bd: Values reflect the number of days until death after Bd exposure, (unit: days).
- sex: F - Female, M - Male
- fitness_d0: Values reflect the fitness (in grams) of each animal on day 0 of the experiment.
- fitness_d10: Values reflect the fitness (in grams) of each animal on day 10 of the experiment.
- fitness_d20: Values reflect the fitness (in grams) of each animal on day 20 of the experiment.
- fitness_end: Values reflect the fitness (in grams) of each animal at the end of the experiment.
- Bd_d0: Values reflect Bd load on day 0, measured in zoospore equivalents.
- Bd_d10: Values reflect Bd load on day 10, measured in zoospore equivalents.
- Bd_d20: Values reflect Bd load on day 20, measured in zoospore equivalents.
- Bd_end: Values reflect Bd load at the end of the experiment or at the time of death, measured in zoospore equivalents.
- Rv_d0: Values reflect Rv load on day 0, measured in MCP gene copies.
- Rv_d10: Values reflect Rv load on day 10, measured in MCP gene copies.
- Rv_d20: Values reflect Rv load on day 20, measured in MCP gene copies.
- Rv_end: Values reflect Rv load at the end of the experiment or at the time of death, measured in MCP gene copies.
Notes on “NA” Values
All “NA” values in the dataset indicate “Not Applicable”.
DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Bd_Rv_Coinfection_Code.Rmd
Version of the packages used in the R code:
survminer_0.4.9
survival_3.5-8
multcomp_1.4-25