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Data and code from: The distribution and dispersal of large haploblocks in a superspecies

Irwin, Darren1; Bensch, Staffan2; Charlebois, Caleigh1; David, Gabriel3; Geraldes, Armando1; Gupta, Sandeep4; Harr, Bettina5; Holt, Paul; Irwin, Jessica1; Ivanitskii, Vladimir6; Marova, Irina6; Niu, Yongchao7; Seneviratne, Sampath8; Singh, Ashutosh9; Wu, Yongjie10; Zhang, Shangmingyu10; Price, Trevor11

Published Mar 19, 2025 on Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8w9ghx3xr

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Abstract

Haploblocks are regions of the genome that coalesce to an ancestor as a single unit. Differentiated haplotypes in these regions can result from the accumulation of mutational differences in low-recombination chromosomal regions, especially when selective sweeps occur within geographically structured populations. We introduce a method to identify large well-differentiated haploblock regions (LHBRs), based on the variance in standardized heterozygosity (ViSHet) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes among individuals, calculated across a genomic region (500 SNPs in our case). We apply this method to the greenish warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides) ring species, using a newly assembled reference genome and genotypes at more than 1 million SNPs among 257 individuals. Most chromosomes carry a single distinctive LHBR, containing 4-6 distinct haplotypes that are associated with geography, enabling detection of hybridization events and transition zones between taxa. LHBRs have exceptionally low within-haplotype nucleotide variation and moderately low between-haplotype nucleotide distance, suggesting their establishment through recurrent selective sweeps at varying geographic scales. Meiotic drive is potentially a powerful mechanism of producing such selective sweeps, and the LHBRs are likely to often represent centromeric regions where recombination is restricted. Links between populations enable introgression of favored haplotypes and we identify one haploblock showing a highly discordant distribution compared to the rest of the genome, being present in two distantly separated geographic regions that are at similar latitudes in both east and west Asia. Our results set the stage for detailed studies of haploblocks, including their genomic location, gene content, and contribution to reproductive isolation.