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Dryad

Data from: A single domestication origin of adzuki bean in Japan and the evolution of domestication genes

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Apr 04, 2025 version files 265.28 MB

Abstract

Adzuki is a significant legume representing East Asian culinary culture, yet the origin of its domestication remains debated. Using ~700 wild and cultigen accessions across Asia, we showed that the initial domestication happened 3-5 kya in central Japan during the Jomon period, followed by a range expansion into China and secondary hybridization with the Chinese wild population. We mapped, validated, and dated key genes associated with seed coat color evolution (VaPAP1 for loss of black and VaANR1 for gain of red colors). The frequency increase of seed-color-associated mutants substantially predated that of the yield-ensuring pod-non-shattering phenotype and the wild-cultigen divergence. Despite the moderate connections between VaANR1 and seed permeability, our results challenge the progressive view of domestication and support archaeobotanical evidence of early weak selection.