Multi-modal characterization of rodent dental development
Data files
Jul 07, 2025 version files 8.83 MB
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C-P_ratio.csv
653 B
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EDS-incisor-DT-line-maturation.csv
606 B
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EDS-incisor-DT-line-secretory.csv
608 B
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EDS-incisor-DT-line-transition.csv
605 B
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EDS-incisor-EM-line-maturation.csv
610 B
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EDS-incisor-EM-line-secretory.csv
604 B
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EDS-incisor-EM-line-transition.csv
607 B
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EDS-molar-DT-line-cervical_crown.csv
612 B
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EDS-molar-DT-line-cusp_tip.csv
604 B
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EDS-molar-EM-line-cervical_crown.csv
614 B
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EDS-molar-EM-line-cusp_tip.csv
603 B
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F1A.tiff
1 MB
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F1B-a.tiff
430.13 KB
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F1B-b.tiff
77.45 KB
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F1B-c.tiff
47.41 KB
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F1B-d.tiff
37.16 KB
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F1B-e.tiff
37.23 KB
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F2A-A___.tiff
807.60 KB
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F2A-A__.tiff
772.65 KB
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F2A-A_.tiff
923.26 KB
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F2A.tiff
3.17 MB
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F2B.tiff
1.15 MB
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F2C.tiff
299.29 KB
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Hardness.csv
561 B
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Microct-grayscale_intensity.csv
250 B
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MLR-DT.csv
2.95 KB
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MLR-EM.csv
2.96 KB
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PCA-categorical.csv
5.19 KB
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Raman-EM_DT_Bone.csv
46.44 KB
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README.md
7.13 KB
Abstract
The developing dentition comprises vital hard tissues of the craniofacial complex that undergo complex and distinct mineralization stages of development through changes in their physicochemical properties. This study investigates the mechanical and chemical properties of the developing enamel, dentin, and bone in mouse mandibles. We employ a multi-modal, multi-scale analysis of the developing post-natal incisor and first molar by integrating micro-computed tomography, nanoindentation, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Our findings reveal patterns of mechanical, elemental, and chemical changes across the developing incisor in enamel and dentin. Magnesium, iron, and the carbon-to-phosphate ratio were significantly associated with enamel properties, while magnesium composition was associated with dentin. These results demonstrate that the mineral composition drives mechanical properties across these developing craniofacial hard tissues. The integrative multi-modal approach provides a quantitative perspective on the early stages of enamel and dentin mineralization of the developing incisor.
Dataset DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c08408
Description of the data and file structure
The data presented in this study were collected as part of a multi-modal investigation into the development of mineralized dental tissues in the postnatal mouse mandible. We employed a combination of high-resolution imaging (micro-computed tomography), mechanical testing (nanoindentation), elemental analysis (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and chemical profiling (Raman spectroscopy) to characterize the physicochemical changes in enamel, dentin, and alveolar bone during tooth development. These efforts aimed to elucidate how variations in mineral composition contribute to the evolving mechanical properties of the developing mouse tooth.
Files and variables
File: F1A.tiff
Description: Three-dimensional microcomputed tomography (micro CT) reconstruction of the maxillary and mandibular incisors and molars. The grayscale heatmap reflects relative mineral density, with the highest intensities localized at the tips of molars and incisors.
File: F1B-a.tiff
Description: The sagittal section of the mandible shows the spatial relationship of the continuously growing incisor and the first molar (M1) prior to eruption.
File: F1B-b.tiff
Description: Cross-sectional micro CT image of the pre-secretory region of the incisor, representing early-stage mineralization.
File: F1B-c.tiff
Description: Cross-section through the secretory stage, where enamel secretion and early mineral deposition begin.
File: F1B-d.tiff
Description: Cross-section of the transition stage, showing progressive changes in mineral density.
File: F1B-e.tiff
Description: Cross-section at the maturation stage, where both enamel and dentin show peak mineralization.
File: F2A.tiff
Description: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of a sagittal section through a mouse mandible, with green markers indicating regions of enamel measurement along the incisor, red markers for dentin, and a yellow marker identifying the alveolar bone near the molar.
File: F2A-A_.tiff
Description: H&E-stained histological section of the secretory stage.
File: F2A-A__.tiff
Description: H&E-stained histological section of the transition stage.
File: F2A-A___.tiff
Description: H&E-stained histological section of the maturation stage.
File: F2B.tiff
Description: SEM image showing nanoindentation (NI) sites on both enamel (EM) and dentin (DT), demarcated by dashed triangles.
File: F2C.tiff
Description: Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) line scan across the enamel–dentin junction to assess spatial distribution of elements.
File: C-P_ratio.csv
Description: The carbonate-to-phosphate (C/P) ratio, calculated as the integrated area of the 1070 cm⁻¹ carbonate peak divided by the 960 cm⁻¹ phosphate peak, decreases along the enamel maturation gradient but remains more stable in dentin.
F: Female
M: Male
EM: Enamel
DT: Dentin
File: EDS-incisor-DT-line-maturation.csv
Description: Elemental analysis of dentin during the maturation stage.
File: EDS-incisor-DT-line-secretory.csv
Description: Elemental analysis of dentin during the secretory stage.
File: EDS-incisor-DT-line-transition.csv
Description: Elemental analysis of dentin during the transition stage.
File: EDS-incisor-EM-line-maturation.csv
Description: Elemental analysis of enamel during the maturation stage.
File: EDS-incisor-EM-line-secretory.csv
Description: Elemental analysis of enamel during the secretory stage.
File: EDS-incisor-EM-line-transition.csv
Description: Elemental analysis of enamel during the transition stage.
File: EDS-molar-DT-line-cervical_crown.csv
Description: Elemental analysis of dentin in cervical crown.
File: EDS-molar-DT-line-cusp_tip.csv
Description: Elemental analysis of dentin in the cusp tip.
File: EDS-molar-EM-line-cervical_crown.csv
Description: Elemental analysis of enamel in cervical crown.
File: EDS-molar-EM-line-cusp_tip.csv
Description: Elemental analysis of enamel in the cusp tip.
File: Hardness.csv
Description: Hardness values of enamel and dentin across the incisor and molar, and alveolar bone.
File: Microct-grayscale_intensity.csv
Description: Quantification of average grayscale intensity (a proxy for mineral density) in enamel (EM) and dentin (DT) across secretory, transition, and maturation stages. Data were collected from 8 × 8 × 16 voxel regions, with standard deviations shown.
File: MLR-DT.csv
Description:
NI-modulus: Modulus from nanoindentation data
NI-hardness: Hardness from nanoindentation data
EDS/Mg (at%): Atomic percent of Mg
EDS/Fe (at%): Atomic percent of Fe
EDS/Ca (at%): Atomic percent of Ca
EDS/P (at%): Atomic percent of P
Ca/P: Ca to P ratio
C/P: C to P ratio
File: MLR-EM.csv
Description: MLR models were built to predict nanoindentation-derived hardness values from elemental composition features (Mg at%, Fe at%, P at%, Ca/P, and C/P ratios) for enamel and dentin separately.
File: PCA-categorical.csv
Description: PCA was performed to reduce dimensionality and visualize patterns in elemental composition across enamel and dentin samples. The key elemental variables are Mg, Fe, P, Ca/P, and C/P.
File: Raman-EM_DT_Bone.csv
Description: Raman spectroscopy was performed on enamel and dentin at defined anatomical regions along the developing incisor and molar. The raw spectral data capture key vibrational signatures associated with mineral and organic matrix components. Specifically, phosphate (ν1 ~960 cm⁻¹, ν2/ν4 ~430–586 cm⁻¹) and carbonate (~1070 cm⁻¹) peaks were tracked across secretory, transition, and maturation stages.
Access information
Data was derived from the following sources:
- MicroCT image data were acquired using a SCANCO MicroCT 45 system and post-processed using BounTI for segmentation (Initial Threshold: 10,000; Target Threshold: 6000; Iterations: 100; Segments: 9). Segmented volumes were visualized and rendered in Avizo (Thermo Fisher Scientific) to generate 3D reconstructions and grayscale-based mineralization heatmaps.
- Raman spectral data were acquired using NT-MDT’s NSOM-Raman system and pre-processed with OMNIC 8 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for fluorescence background correction using polynomial fitting. Spectral deconvolution and peak area integration were performed using OPUS 7.5 (Bruker Optics) with rubber band correction and Gaussian–Lorentzian fitting. Final spectral analysis and visualization were conducted in OriginPro 2016b (OriginLab).
- Statistical analyses, including one-way and mixed ANOVAs, were performed in GraphPad Prism (Version 10.2.3). Principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models were conducted in GraphPad Prism, with model diagnostics and visualizations generated using Origin2021b (OriginLab).