Data from: Dry habitats were crucibles of domestication in the evolution of agriculture in ants
Data files
Apr 19, 2017 version files 555.49 MB
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alignment-supermatrices.zip
56.88 MB
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all-trinity-contigs.zip
429.27 MB
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attine-118t-f75-partitioning-schames.zip
1.42 MB
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beast-xml-files.zip
1.32 MB
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biogeo-trait-diversification-files.zip
33.57 KB
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phylogenetic-trees.zip
299.22 KB
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supplementary-tables.xls
121.86 KB
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uce-alignments-untrimmed.zip
66.14 MB
Abstract
The evolution of ant agriculture, as practiced by the fungus-farming “attine” ants, is thought to have arisen in the wet rainforests of South America about 55-65 Ma. Most subsequent attine agricultural evolution, including the domestication event that produced the ancestor of higher attine cultivars, is likewise hypothesized to have occurred in South American rainforests. The “out-of-the-rainforest” hypothesis, while generally accepted, has never been tested in a phylogenetic context. It also presents a problem for explaining how fungal domestication might have occurred, given that isolation from free-living populations is required. Here, we use phylogenomic data from ultra-conserved element (UCE) loci to reconstruct the evolutionary history of fungus-farming ants, reduce topological uncertainty, and identify the closest non-fungus-growing ant relative. Using the phylogeny we infer the history of attine agricultural systems, habitat preference, and biogeography. Our results show that the out-of-the-rainforest hypothesis is correct with regard to the origin of attine ant agriculture; however, contrary to expectation, we find that the transition from lower to higher agriculture very likely occurred in a seasonally dry habitat, inhospitable to the growth of free-living populations of attine fungal cultivars. We suggest that dry habitats favored the isolation of attine cultivars over the evolutionary time spans necessary for domestication to occur.