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Behaviour across time and space–how large scale ‘trait-based’ approaches can shape behavioural ecology

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Jul 21, 2025 version files 233.40 KB

Abstract

Understanding the responses of organisms to environmental change is critical to tackling the grand challenges of 21st century biology. Fields such as environmental physiology and ecology have embraced these challenges by shifting the scale of scientific enquiry and utilising large-scale comparative approaches. Behavioural research has not yet realised this potential to the same extent. We argue that adopting a trait-based approach at spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales for behavioural ecology can advance the field and address emerging questions in biology.

We surveyed the literature in the well-known and long running behaviour journals (Animal Behaviour, Behavioural Ecology and Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology), and ecology journals (Ecology, Journal of Ecology and Oecologia) between 1981 and 2020 (1990-2020 for Behavioral Ecology, which has only been in publication since 1990). We extracted metadata on citation numbers, and whether the artcle have multispecies and multi populations approach, and whether the artcle were animal or plant focused from the 10 top-cited papers (Scopus citations) and 10 randomly selected papers in 5-year blocks. 

We found that ecological journals have changed markedly over time, specifically in their focus on understanding interspecific trait variation. This pattern is not apparent for animal behaviour; intra-specific and often intra-population scale of scientific enquiry has mostly been the focus over the last four decades. We propose that the future of behavioural ecology should emphasise a comparative approach- spatially, temporally or taxonomically- that systematically captures variation in key traits with broad implications for conservation and community ecology.