Data from: Host 5-HT affects Plasmodium transmission in mosquitoes via modulating mosquito mitochondrial homeostasis
Data files
Mar 31, 2025 version files 5.23 MB
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Raw_Data.xlsx
5.22 MB
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README.md
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Abstract
Malaria parasites hijack the metabolism of their mammalian host during the blood-stage cycle. Anophelesmosquitoes depend on mammalian blood to survive and to transmit malaria parasites. However, it remains understudied whether changes in host metabolism affect parasite transmission in mosquitoes. In this study, we discovered that Plasmodium infection significantly decreased the levels of the tryptophan metabolite, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), in both humans and mice. The reduction led to the decrease of 5-HT in mosquitoes. Oral supplementation of 5-HT to Anopheles stephensi enhanced its resistance to Plasmodium berghei infection by promoting the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. This effect was due to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria caused by 5-HT-mediated inhibition of mitophagy. Elevating 5-HT levels in mouse serum significantly suppressed parasite infection in mosquitoes. In summary, our data highlight the critical role of metabolites in animal blood in determining the capacity of mosquitoes to control parasite infection.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jdfn2z3kp
Description of the data and file structure
We have submitted our LC/MS data (Raw_Data: fig.1b-e and s1c), relative gene expression data (Raw_Data: fig. 1k, 2a, 3a, 4g, s2f and s4b), the number of Plasmodium in midgut of Anopheles mosquitoes (Raw_Data: fig.1i, 1j, 1m, 2c, 2f, 4h, 4k, 5c, 5h, s2h and s2j ), 5-HT concentration (Raw_Data: fig. 1f, 1h, 5b, 5e, s1a, s1b,s1f and s5d), fluorescence signal statistical data (Raw_Data: fig.2b, 2d, 2e, 3e, 4a, 4d, 4i, 4j, 5g, s2a, s2b, s2g, s2i, s3a and s4a) and raw images of Western blot (Raw_Data: fig.3b and 4e). The data order is arranged according to the figure presented in the paper.
LC/MS data:
N: healthy adults/ mice
I: Plasmodium infected adults/ mice
Relative gene expression data:
Male gametogenesis associated genes: the ribosomal gene of Plasmodium (18S), the sexual stage-specific actin isoform (Actin2), calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1), gamete egress and sporozoite traversal protein (GEST), protein phosphatase 1 (PPM1), basal body protein (SAS6), male development gene-1 (MDV1)
Immune genes: peptidoglycan recognition proteins (LA, LC and LD), antimicrobial peptide (ATT, CEC, DEF and GAM), complementary system (NOS, PPO, TEP1) and genes related to reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions (NOX, DUOX, CuSOD3, CAT, GSTO1 and UDP)
MtDNA: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II (COX1 and COX2) and NADH dehydrogenase 1, 2 and 4 (ND1, 2, and 4)
PINK1: Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)—induced kinase 1, is responsible for the initiation of mitophagy
The number of Plasmodium:
After being ingested by mosquitoes, Plasmodium forms gametes within about 15 minutes. The gametes then undergo fertilization and differentiate into ookinetes within about 24 hours. The ookinetes then traverse the midgut epithelium and form oocysts within about 8 days.
5-HT concentration:
The concentrations of 5-HT in the mosquito analyzed by ELISA
Fold change of 5-HT in mosquitoes analyzed by ELISA, the abundance of 5-HT in treated mosquitoes was normalized to that in controls
Fluorescence signal statistical data:
DHE: the intracellular ROS-sensitive dye
MitoSox: the mitochondrial superoxide Indicator
TMRM: the mitochondrial membrane potential dye
Lysotracker: staining of acidic compartments within cells, such as lysosomes
Raw images of Western blot:
ACTIN (42 kDa), TOMM20 (20 kDa), ATP5A (55 kDa), LC3 I (16 kDa) and LC3 II (14 kDa)
5-HT+SPD: 5-HT and spermidine co-treated mosquitoes