Data: Reduced climate adaptation at range edges in North American Arabidopsis lyrata
Data files
Sep 13, 2022 version files 1.61 MB
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DELTA_DATA.csv
934 B
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GERM_SURV_19.csv
1.10 MB
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POP_PERFORMANCE_19.csv
497.53 KB
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README.txt
6.75 KB
Jan 22, 2024 version files 1.63 MB
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DELTA_DATA.csv
934 B
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GERM_SURV_19.csv
1.10 MB
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POP_PERFORMANCE_19_revised.csv
517.74 KB
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README.md
7.27 KB
Abstract
Aim: Species’ range limits, when not caused by dispersal limitation, are the result of constraints to the evolution of the ecological niche such that further range expansion is slow or not possible. An important evolutionary constraint at range edges may be the enhanced action of genetic drift. Here we tested whether a history of small population size and enhanced genetic drift was linked with reduced adaptation at range limits.
Location: Eastern North America
Time period: 2017-2019
Taxon: Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata
Methods: We performed a latitudinal transplant experiment with sites across and beyond the species distribution of North American Arabidopsis lyrata. Plants originated from the centre and the periphery, and the latter shared a history of range expansion or long-term isolation and had low genetic diversity. We tested for adaptation by considering climatic variables that had previously been associated with both niche and range limits.
Results: Multiplicative performance of plants was lower the more different the temperature regime at the transplant sites compared to home sites was, supporting climate adaptation. However, populations performed worse only when conditions were warmer at the transplant sites and better when conditions were colder, indicating that despite divergent adaptation to climate, the species seems to prefer living in cooler areas than where it is found currently. Finally, populations with low genetic diversity had a lower performance under a climate similar to that of their home sites, and performance declined stronger under warmer conditions.
Main conclusions: Our study supports that genetic drift reduces adaptation at species’ range limits, and that populations with a history of genetic drift are especially vulnerable under global warming.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p2x7
Place of study: Eastern USA
NOTE 1: data on between-population crosses are included that were not analysed in this study
NOTE 2: Revisions were made to this readme and the file POP_PERFORMANCE_19 in January 2024. Data on time to flowering (Flow_T) is now in the format as analyzed. Furthermore, we now describe more precisely how severity of damage on rosettes (ROS_DMG_18[fraction]) and inflorescences (INFLO_MEAN_DMG_18[fraction]) was recorded.
Description of the data and file structure
DELTA_DATA: is the data file that contains all the ecological variables (temperature and precipitation) for each common garden and each population
Explanation of variables:
M_POP: site of origin of the population, first two letters indicating the state, or the province in Canada
MIN_T_MARCH: minimum temperature in mach at the population site based on WORLDCLIM data
MIN_T_APRIL: minimum temperature in April at the population site based on WORLDCLIM data
MIN_T_EARLY_SPRING_(Aver_March_April): Average minimum temperature in Early Spring (March + April)
Delta_CG1: difference in minimum temperature in early spring between WORLDCLIM data at the population site and temperature at the CG1 during the experiment
Delta_CG2: difference in minimum temperature in early spring between WORLDCLIM data at the population site and temperature at the CG2 during the experiment
Delta_CG3: difference in minimum temperature in early spring between WORLDCLIM data at the population site and temperature at the CG3 during the experiment
Delta_CG4: difference in minimum temperature in early spring between WORLDCLIM data at the population site and temperature at the CG4 during the experiment
Delta_CG5: difference in minimum temperature in early spring between WORLDCLIM data at the population site and temperature at the CG5 during the experiment
GERM_SURV_19: is the data file that contains all the binary variables (0,1) of plant perfomance at all common gardens. This is germination and survival
Explanation of variables:
SITE: common garden site
M_POP: site of origin of the mother plant, with the first two letters indicating the state, or the province in Canada
M_FAM: mother plant, collected as seed in the population of origin
F_POP: site of origin of the father plant, with the first two letters indicating the state, or the province in Canada
F_FAM: father plant, collected as seed in the population of origin
C_TYPE: type of cross between mother and father plant. Either within-population (WPC) or between-population cross (BPC)
BLOCK: spatial block within common garden site; three replicate pots with seeds of each cross combination were randomly distributed over three spatial blocks per common garden
TRAY: tray in which a pot was positioned. Propagation trays with 38 cells contained the pots, and there were 13 such trays per block
POS: position of a pot within a tray
L/R: left or right position of the plant within the pot
DAY_0: starting day of the experiment counted from 01.01.2017
GER_DD: day of germination
GER_MM: month of germination
GER_YY: year of germination
DEATH_DD: day of death
DEATH_MM: month of death
DEATH_YY: year of death
THINN: if two sedlings germinated in a pot, one of them was removed haphazardly (0,1)
SURVIVAL_EARLY: survival of the plant 30 days after germination (0,1)
SURVIVAL_FALL_17: survival of the plant after fall 2017 (0,1)
SURVIVAL_WINTER_18: survival of the plant after winter 2018 (0,1)
SURVIVAL_SPRING_18: survival of the plant after spring 2018 (0,1)
SURVIVAL_SUMMER_18: survival of the plant after summer 2018 (0,1)
SURVIVAL_SPRING_19: survival of the plant after summer 2019 (0,1)
SURVIVAL_YEAR_1: survival of the after the first year (0,1)
SURVIVAL_YEAR_2: survival of the plant after the second year (0,1)
POP_PERFORMANCE_19: is the data file that contains all the continuous variables of plant performance for all populations at all common gardens (multiplicative performance, inflorescence and rosette damage, flowering time, total reproductive output)
Explanation of variables:
SITE: common garden site
M_POP: site of origin of the mother plant, with the first two letters indicating the state, or the province in Canada
M_FAM: mother plant, collected as seed in the population of origin
F_POP: site of origin of the father plant, with the first two letters indicating the state, or the province in Canada
F_FAM: father plant, collected as seed in the population of origin
C_TYPE: type of cross between mother and father plant. Either within-population (WPC) or between-population cross (BPC)
BLOCK: spatial block within common garden site; three replicate pots with seeds of each cross combination were randomly distributed over three spatial blocks per common garden
TRAY: tray in which a pot was positioned. Propagation trays with 38 cells contained the pots, and there were 13 such trays per block
POS: position of a pot within a tray
DAY_0: starting day of the experiment counted from 01.01.2017
G_RATE: germination rate per pot
Flow_T: flowering time counted as the number of days since snowmelt or T∞>5
ROS_DMG_18(1/0): rosette damage year 2018 (0, 1)
ROS_DMG_18(fraction): severity of damage on rosettes year 2018 (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1)
INFLO_MEAN_DMG_18(1/0): inflorescence damage year 2018 (0, 1)
INFLO_MEAN_DMG_18(fraction): severity of damage on inflorescences year 2018 (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1), mean across inflorescences
SUM_F_ORG_18: total sum of reproductive organs year 2018 (flowers, pedicels, buds, and fruits)
ROOT_LENGHT_19: longest root lenght (mm)
SUM_F_ORG_19: total sum of reproductive organs year 2019 (flowers, pedicels, buds, and fruits)
SUM_F_ORG_18_19: total sum of reproductive organs year 2018 and year 2019 (flowers, pedicels, buds, and fruits)
MULT_PERF_GER_I_18: multiplicative performance year 2018 (G_RATE x SUM_F_ORG_18)
MULT_PERF_GER_I_19: multiplicative performance to year 2019 (G_RATE x SUM_F_ORG_18_19)
Data was collected from a field transplant experiment in the US from 2016 to 2018.