Data from: Within- and across-generational effects of temperature: Exposure of Manduca sexta larvae to heat stress impacts future reproduction and offspring development
Data files
Jul 15, 2025 version files 257.47 KB
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Ms_PE_Analysis.R
17.46 KB
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Ms_PE_egg_size_gen1.csv
37.16 KB
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Ms_PE_egg_size_gen2.csv
28.43 KB
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Ms_PE_fecundity_gen1.csv
3.71 KB
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Ms_PE_fecundity_gen2.csv
4.49 KB
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Ms_PE_indv_life_history_all.csv
129.45 KB
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Ms_PE_survival_gen1.csv
3.68 KB
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Ms_PE_survival_gen2.csv
5.38 KB
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README_all-files.xlsx
19.11 KB
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README.md
8.60 KB
Abstract
The effects of temperature on reproduction and other key fitness traits are often primarily considered only for the adult thermal environment, but exposure to thermal stress during earlier life stages may carry over to influence adult traits within a generation or even across generations. In this study, we assessed how an acute heat shock event experienced at two different points in Manduca sexta larval development (early and late) impacted adult performance and fitness traits and whether thermal exposure of parents elicited plastic changes in offspring traits. Heat stress during late larval development had significantly greater negative impacts on adult performance and fitness compared to earlier exposure. Adults that experienced a late larval heat shock failed to produce any viable offspring due to the complete elimination of egg hatching success. Larval heat stress during the parental generation reduced larval development times of their offspring in both control and heat shock conditions. The results of this study illustrate the negative consequences of larval heat stress for adult fitness and indicate that parental early thermal environment can significantly influence some traits in the next generation.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.p8cz8w9w6
Description of the data and file structure
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Ms_PE_Analysis.R contains all R code used for data visualization and analysis
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Ms_PE_indv_life_history_all.csv contains data of individual life history measures (mass, development time, etc.) for both parental and F1 generations
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Ms_PE_survival_gen1.csv contains data of survival metrics (date and stage of individual death) for parental generation
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Ms_PE_survival_gen2.csv contains data of survival metrics (date and stage of individual death) for F1 generation
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Ms_PE_fecundity_gen1.csv contains data of fecundity metrics (numbers of eggs laid and hatch rates of eggs per moth pair) for parental generation
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Ms_PE_fecundity_gen2.csv contains data of fecundity metrics (numbers of eggs laid and hatch rates of eggs per moth pair) for F1 generation
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Ms_PE_egg_size_gen1.csv contains data of egg size (area, mm^2) for parental generation
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Ms_PE_egg_size_gen1.csv contains data of egg size (area, mm^2) for F1 generation
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README_all-files.xlsx contains a description of header fields for all data files
Description of header fields for Ms_PE_indv_life_history_all.csv
ID individual id number
treatment heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E= early HS, L = late HS); all larvae were reared at 25+/-10 C, heat shocked at 42 C for 24hr at either 3rd (early) or 5th (late) instar; for gen2 individuals first letter indicates parental treatment
p.treat HS treatment of parents (applicable to gen2 only)
d.treat HS treatment experienced directly by individual (second letter of treatment for gen2)
gen P = parental (generation 1), F1 = offspring (generation 2)
parent.ID pair.ID of parents (applicable to gen2 only, P indicates colony parents for gen1 individuals)
date.col date eggs were collected from the colony (gen 1) or from breeding cages (gen 2)
date.hatch date of hatching from egg
date.PMD date of pre-mature death (if individual died before eclosion)
stage.death stage of individual when death occurred (“3rd”, “4th”, “wanderer”, etc. if they died during experiment, “adult” if they successfully eclosed)
date.3 date of molt to 3rd instar
day.3 number of days from hatching to molt into 3rd
mass.3 mass at molt to 3rd instar (mg)
date.in.test_3 date one day after molt into 3rd, larvae from early HS group began 24hr HS treatment
mass.in.test_3 mass just before entering 24hr HS (measured for all treatment groups, but only early group experienced a HS)
date.out.test_3 date two days after molt into 3rd, larvae from early HS group were removed from HS
mass.out.test_3 mass immediately after larvae were removed from 24hr HS (measured for all treatment groups, but only early group experienced a HS)
delta.mass_3 change in mass during 24hr HS treatment (mass.out.test_3 - mass.in.test_3), individuals that molted to 4th during HS interval set to “NA”
date.4 date of molt into 4th instar
day.4 development time to 4th instar (number of days from date.hatch to date.4)
mass.4 mass at molt into 4th instar (mg)
date.5 date of molt into 5th instar
day.5 development time to 5th instar (number of days from date.hatch to date.5)
mass.5 mass at molt into 5th instar (mg)
date.in.test_5 date one day after molt into 5th, larvae from late HS group began 24hr HS treatment
mass.in.test_5 mass just before entering 24hr HS (measured for all treatment groups, but only late group experienced a HS)
date.out.test_5 date two days after molt into 5th, larvae from late HS group were removed from HS
mass.out.test_5 mass immediately after larvae were removed from 24hr HS (measured for all treatment groups, but only late group experienced a HS)
delta.mass_5 change in mass during 24hr HS treatment (mass.out.test_5 - mass.in.test_5)
date.w date of wandering
day.w development time to wandering (number of days from date.hatch to date.w)
mass.w mass at wandering (mg)
date.p date of pupation
day.p development time to pupation (number of days from date.hatch to date.p)
date.p15 date 15 days after date.p, when pupal mass was assessed
mass.p15 mass of pupa 15 days after pupation (mg)
sex M=male, F=female, sex determined at pupal stage
date.eclosed date of eclosion into adult
day.adult development time to eclosion (number of days from date.hatch to date.eclosed)
mass.adult mass of adult (measured after wings were fully dry, mg)
date.mate date M and F moths were paired for mating in flight cages
death.adult date of adult death
day.death number of days from date.eclosed to death.adult (adult lifespan), “NA” if moth was placed in the fridge for 1 or more nights before being mated
mate.ID ID of mate moth
pair.ID unique id for each replicate mated pair
Description of header fields for Ms_PE_survival_gen1.csv
ID individual id number
treatment heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E= early HS, L = late HS)
parent.ID pair.ID of parents (applicable to gen2 only, P indicates colony parents for gen1 individuals)
PMD binomial indicator of pre-mature death (1 if individual died before eclosion into adult, 0 if individual survived to adulthood)
stage.death stage of individual when death occurred
Description of header fields for Ms_PE_survival_gen2.csv
ID individual id number
P.treat parental heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E = early HS, L = late HS)
F1.treat direct heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E = early HS, L = late HS)
parent.ID pair.ID of parents (applicable to gen2 only, P indicates colony parents for gen1 individuals)
PMD binomial indicator of pre-mature death (1 if individual died before eclosion into adult, 0 if individual survived to adulthood)
stage.death stage of individual when death occurred
Description of header fields for Ms_PE_fecundity_gen1.csv
pair.ID unique id for each replicate mated pair
treatment heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E = early HS, L = late HS)
cage.ID ID of flight cage (A, B, C, D, …), note: initially set up cages in wasp room, moved to colony room over conserns that close proximity to wasps may affect moth behavior
male.ID ID number of male moth
female.ID ID number of female moth
date.start date M and F moths were paired for mating in flight cages
date.Mend date of male’s death
date.Fend date of female’s death
total.eggs total number of eggs produced by moth pair over their lifetime
total.hatch number of total.eggs that hatched
hatch.prop proportion of eggs that hatch for moth pair (total.hatch/total.eggs)
Description of header fields for Ms_PE_fecundity_gen2.csv
pair.ID unique id for each replicate mated pair
P.treat parental heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E = early HS, L = late HS)
HS.treat direct heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E = early HS, L = late HS)
cage.ID ID of flight cage (A, B, C, D, …), note: most cages were set up in colony room but ran out of room there for later moth pairs so those were set up on benchtops in main lab area
male.ID ID number of male moth
female.ID ID number of female moth
date.start date M and F moths were paired for mating in flight cages
date.Mend date of male’s death
date.Fend date of female’s death
total.eggs total number of eggs produced by moth pair over their lifetime
total.hatch number of total.eggs that hatched
hatch.prop proportion of eggs that hatch for moth pair (total.hatch/total.eggs)
Description of header fields for Ms_PE_egg_size_gen1.csv and Ms_PE_egg_size_gen2.csv
egg.ID id number of egg to uniquely identify mutliple eggs collected on the same day from a given mated pair
date.col date egg was collected from mating cage
date.photo date egg was photographed
treatment heat shock treatment (N = no HS, E= early HS, L = late HS); for gen2 individuals first letter indicates parental treatment and second letter indicates direct treament
pair.ID unique id for each replicate mated pair
M.ID id number of male moth
F.ID id number of female moth
area area (mm^2) of threasholded egg image, estimated using Fiji image analysis software