This data set includes the code and the input files needed to reproduce all the landscape-evolution simulation M0 shown in the associated Science Advances publication, as well as the outputs produced.

Code

tisc.2025-02-06.tar.gz gzipped file in Zenodo contains the code is called TISC, developed at CSIC (García-Castellanos, Basin Research, 2002; and later publications). Uncompress using ‘gunzip’ or similar. All relevant files are in text format, open them using any available text editor.

Contents:

• tisc/README instructions for compilation and software setup.
• tisc/doc/tisc.info.txt Main documentation file explaining command-line syntax, inputs and outputs, references, etc.
• tisc/doc/template.PRM Template parameter file. Contains the default parameter values and their units.
• tisc/demo/ Several examples. Most relevant to the paper is tisc/demo/4_river_transport
• tisc/src/tisc.c Main source code file. Other *.c files in this directory are libraries.
• tisc/Makefile Main makefile for installation. See instructions in tisc/README.
• TISC uses the open-sourced GMT4 software for the graphic PostScript output, available at https://www.generic-mapping-tools.org/

Once compiled, TISC is to be run with the command

tisc LagoMare -Pc -V3 | tee LagoMare.screen

During the run, TISC will read the input files (those with uppercase extension) and will write the output files (lowercase extension) provided below. Runtime is about a week in a M2 processor for MacOS. 

Code in the working directory

• The only piece of code that must stay in the working directory  compressed in 2025-02-13_MJ_M0_REFERENCE_for_Dryad.zip is tisc.gmt.job, a C-shell script that calls GMT4 commands to produce the graphic output in the LagoMare.ps file.

Inputs

2025-02-13_MJ_M0_REFERENCE_for_Dryad.zip The input and output files for the reference model in the paper (M0) are:

• LagoMare.PRM The main parameter file read by TISC containing the temporal, spatial and mechanical settings of the model. Format is in two columns: parameter_name and value. The rest of the text are comments. See also the commented template in the code (ablove) to discover additional TISC parameters. The key parameters defining the rectangular grid are xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax for the boundaries of the model [m] and Nx, Ny [m] for the number of cellls in x,y directions. Timini, Timefinal, and dt define the 114 time steps of the model run (hence the 114 jpg graphic output files).
• LagoMare.ZINI Our topographic reconstruction of the peri-Mediterranean and western Asia region described in the article’s text. Format: Three-column xyz text file, skyline sorted. Only the z values (in meters above present sea level) are relevant, because the x,y (longitude,latitude) values are assumed to fit the model grid (defined by the xmin,xmax, ymin,ymax and the Nx,Ny parameters in the *.PRM file)
• LagoMare.NDEF Definition of additional river at the boundaries. Format: one line for each addition of sediment or water: x[m], y[m], increase_in_water[m3/s], increase_in_sediment[kg/s]

• LagoMare.INS Insolation curve from Laskar et al. 2004 used for rainfall time changes. TISC will multiply a factor insolation/mean_insolation to the precipitation and to the discharges specified in *.NDEFS. Thus, absolute insolation values in this file and their units are irrelevant. Format:

  time1[My] insolation1

  time2[My] insolation3

  time3[My] insolation3

  … …

• LagoMare[N].UNIT with [N] a number from 1 to 4. These files allow ad-hoc modifications of the topography in ZINI to force the closure and reconnection with the Atlantic Ocean as known from geological data, as well as to comply with knowledge of the Messinian paramediterranean geography (e.g., the Iron Gate gorge is removed to cause the large Pannonian lake system seen in the Pannonian sedimentary record. Format: The time when each file  is loaded is set in the first line. The spatial distribution of changes in the topography are interpolated between the x,y polygons provided in each file. See tisc/doc/template.UNIT explained template in the code repository.
• LagoMare.RIV This file allows providing an x-y path (in m) along which the topography will be modified cell by cell to force the maximum slope follow that path. In other words, this is to force certain river channels that are know to exist during the Messinian times.
• LagoMare.INT This file defines a x-y polygon (in km) of interest where statistics such as the sediment volume are tracked. To be calculated during the execution of graphic script tisc.gmt.job.

See more details about the format and contents of all these input files in tisc/doc/tisc.info.txt that goes along with the code.

Outputs

Outputs are also text files with a lowercase extension (see tisc.info.txt) except for the PostScript graphic file *.ps, which can be imported by most graphic softwares such as Canvas, CorelDraw etc, or converted to jpg or gif using the freeware ImageMagick.

• LagoMare.screen a copy of the terminal text output.
• LagoMare.bas River basins sorted by drainage basins (top to bottom). In columns: x[km] y[km] dischg[m3/s] masstr[kg/s] type topo[m] length[km] chi[km] x-to y-to topo-to[m] length-to[km] chi-to[km] eros_rate[m/My] accumul_erosion[m] level nodes_above
• LagoMare.hrz Surfaces of the base of each sediment layer and the topography. Format in columns: x(km) y(km) z1(m) z2(m) z3(m) …
• LagoMare.lak Lake cells sorted by lake.  Format in columns: x(km) y(km) type(Lake or Sea)
• LagoMare.st Erosion/sedimentation rates and accumulated values. Format: x(km) y(km) topo[m] accumul_erosion[m] eros_rate[m/My]
• LagoMare.xyw Drainage network information. Format in columns: x(km) y(km) water(m3/s) sed[kg/s] type topo[m] x-to y-to topo-to precipt[mm/y] evapora[mm/y] ice_thick[m] ice_sed_load[m] swim_dist[km]
• LagoMare.ps Postscript file produced by tisc.gmt.job at each time step. Imported by most graphic softwares such as Inkscape.
• LagoMare???.jpg JPEG copies of each time-step’s LagoMare.ps.

Supplementary Material of the article

2025-01_science_supplementary_materials_-_after_reviews.pdf This file contains the supplementary materials complementing the original paper in Science Advances (García-Castellanos et al., 2025). 

Details on the source code and file structure

TISC is a program written in C under Linux to calculate the 2D (planform)

flexure of the lithosphere, fluvial transport along, and, in particular, to

numerically simulate the formation of foreland basins. TISC is the 3D version

of the cross-section (pseudo 2D) numerical model tAo, and uses the finite

difference technique.

Main author: Daniel Garcia-Castellanos (CSIC)

Details on authorship and citation in ‘tisc/doc/tisc.info.txt’.

See license details in the documentation at tisc/doc/LICENSE.txt.

TO INSTALL TISC:

TISC has been developed in C under Linux, and is ready for compilation in a Mac Linux environment.

-Uncompress the downloaded file in a directory ‘tisc/’.

-Modify compiling options by editing ‘tisc/config.mk’ and ‘tisc/src/Makefile’.

-Compile typing ‘make’ in the main directory. This will create the executable

tisc in the tisc/bin/ directory. You should then put tisc/bin/ and tisc/script/

in your shell path.

-Install GMT 4 (freeware software, used for graphic output) and put

its bin/ directory in your path. This should work:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gmt ksh csh tofrodos

-The GMT scripts are written in C-shell language.

-Try examples of running TISC going to directory ‘tisc/demo/’. This will allow

you to be sure that the code is working properly. Check that the graphic

output is correctly produced in the postscript output files (*.ps)

-Read the ‘doc/tisc.info.txt’ file to know more about how to use TISC.

-Note: upon installation, TISC will attempt to notify us by mail about your installation, but this usually fails, depending on your linux email configuration. Please send a brief email so that we can add you to our list and notify about any important bug that may arise (this never happend more than once per year, so far).

Once the TISC code is compiled and GMT installed, run the model from that directory using the command stated in the header of the LagoMare.PRM file.

Additional software required

Graphic output is produced by default using the free software GMT version 4.

Access information

Other publicly accessible locations for TISC:

• https://github.com/danigeos/tisc
• https://sites.google.com/site/daniggcc/software/tisc

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.r2280gbpf