This is the Supporting Information for Dröllner et al. "Directly dating Plio-Pleistocene climate change in the terrestrial record" published in Geophysical Research Letters. The data comes from a ferruginous induration in the arid landscapes of the Nullarbor Plain in southern Australia (30° 54' 33.84'' S, 132° 13' 5.88'' E). The data provides constraints on the timing of Plio-Pleistocene aridification in the continental realm and supports the use of ferruginous indurations as targets to obtain absolute ages on landscape evolution. The dataset includes chemical-mineralogical results, which suggest that the formation of ferruginous indurations was linked with a decline of the groundwater table. (U-Th)/He geochronology of goethite from ferruginous indurations provides age constraints that link the textural and chemical-mineralogical observations to a rapid climatic shift from humid Late Pliocene to arid Early Pleistocene conditions. Specifically, this Supporting Information includes a pdf file (available through Zenodo; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7739575) with detailed analytical methods for X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, Text S1), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (Text S2), Raman spectroscopy (Text S3), and (U-Th)/He geochronology (Text S4). This pdf file also includes Supporting Figures S1 (sample material, and fragments used for dating) and S2 (XRD spectra), as well as Supporting Tables S1 (XRD bulk mineralogy), S2 ((U-Th)/He data), S3 (XRD instrument parameters), and the captions for Table S4 (Raman data) and Table S5 (XRD data). The latter two datasets are provided as separate files available through Dryad (this data).

Methods are detailed in the pdf file available through Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7739575).