FTIR, BET, and DTA of materials and effects of parameters to isolate cellulose fibers from reed
Data files
Aug 19, 2024 version files 5.95 MB
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Figures.zip
5.95 MB
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README.md
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Dec 18, 2024 version files 57.63 KB
Abstract
This study focused on fabricating a cellulose aerogel for oil spill cleanup, using common reed (Phragmites australis) as the cellulose source. The process involved isolating cellulose from reed via traditional Kraft pulping, considering the effects of key factors on the isolated cellulose content. After a two-stage HP bleaching sequence, the highest cellulose content achieved was 27.2%, with 80% ISO brightness and 1% ash content under mild Kraft pulping conditions of 30% sulfidity, 20% active alkali, sustained cooking at 165°C for 3 hours, and a liquor-to-reed ratio of 8:1. Subsequently, reed-based cellulose aerogel was fabricated via a freeze-drying method using an eco-friendly NaOH/PEG aqueous solvent system, which was then modified with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS). The resulting aerogel exhibited remarkable characteristics, including a low density of 0.04 g/cm³, high porosity of 96%, high hydrophobicity with a water contact angle (WAC) of 141°, and a superior crude oil adsorption capacity of 35 g/g. Comprehensive characterizations of the fabricated materials, including SEM, FTIR, TGA/DSC, and WAC measurements, were evaluated. This interdisciplinary study explores the commercial promise of reed-based cellulose aerogel as a sustainable solution for oil spill cleanup efforts.
README: FTIR, BET, and DTA of materials and effects of parameters to isolate cellulose fibers from reed
The associated supplementary files consist of data visualisations and tabular representations that provide evidence and validate the debates and outcomes, as explained in the next section. Figure 1S to 3S display FT-IR spectra of cellulose extracted from reed (RC), cellulose aerogel derived from reed (RCA), and cellulose aerogel coated with MTMS (RCA_MTMS). Figures 4S to 6S display the differential thermal analysis (DTA) results of three different samples: isolated cellulose (RC), reed-based cellulose aerogel (RCA), and MTMS-coated cellulose aerogel (RCA_MTMS). Figures 7S to 8S display the BET results of two types of cellulose aerogel: reed-based cellulose aerogel (RCA) and MTMS-coated cellulose aerogel (RCA_MTMS). Figures 9S to 10S depict the water contact angle (WCA) of the cut surface and external surface of RCA (recycled concrete aggregate). Tables 1S to 4S display the impacts of parameters such as sulfidity, active alkali, L:W ratio, and boiling time on the isolation of cellulose fibres, respectively.
- Figure 1S. The FTIR spectrum of isolated cellulose from reed (RC) - Proved the characteristic peaks associated with cellulose from reed material.
- Figure 2S. The FTIR spectrum of reed-based cellulose aerogel (RCA) - Proved the characteristic peaks associated with cellulose aerogel.
- Figure 3S. The FTIR spectrum of MTMS-coated cellulose aerogel (RCA_MTMS) - Proved the most significant peaks in MTMS-coated cellulose. aerogel.
- Figure 4S. The DTA/DSC of isolated cellulose (RC) - The differential thermal analysis (DTA) results of isolated cellulose.
- Figure 5S. The DTA/DSC of reed-based cellulose aerogel (RCA) - The differential thermal analysis (DTA) results of cellulose aerogel.
- Figure 6S. The DTA/DSC of MTMS-coated cellulose aerogel (RCA_MTMS) - The differential thermal analysis (DTA) results MTMS-coated cellulose aerogel.
- Figure 7S. The BET result of reed-based cellulose aerogel (RCA) - It has been presented the specific area of reed-based cellulose aerogel.
- Figure 8S. The BET result of MTMS-coated cellulose aerogel (RCA_MTMS) - It has been indicated the specific area of MTMS-coated cellulose aerogel.
- Figure 9S. WCA of RCA’s the cut surface - has been measured the water contact angle of reed-based cellulose aerogel via the cut surface.
- Figure 10S. WCA of RCA’s external surface - has been indicated the water contact angle of reed-based cellulose aerogel via the external surface.
- Table. 1S. Effect of Sulfidity on Isolated Cellulose - The sulfidity is significant parameter that affects the cellulose quality and extraction. efficiency so it needs to be investigated.
- Table 2S. Effect of Active Alkali on Isolated Cellulose - The active alkali need to control before cooking material contained cellulose.
- Table 3S. Effect of L:W ratio on isolated cellulose - The ratio of liquid and absolutely dry material need to control becuase it has affected to diffusion process of chemicals which is transported to materials that contained cellulose, ligand, hemicelulise, and others.
- Table 4S. Effect of cooking time on isolated cellulose - The coocking time has effected to yield of collecting the cellulose material.
We have submitted our raw data in 'Data_Tables.zip'. It contains 4 files collected from whole cooking processing of reed material. Results have been presented in 4 excel files:
Effect of Sulfidity on Isolated Cellulose.xlsx: The sulfidity is significant parameter that affects the cellulose quality and extraction and it needs to be investigated;
Effect of Active Alkali on Isolated Cellulose.xlsx: The active alkali need to control before cooking material contained cellulose;
Effect of L.Q ratio on Isolated Cellulose.xlsx: The ratio of liquid and absolutely dry material need to control because it has affected to diffusion process of chemicals which is transported to materials that contained cellulose, ligand, hemicelulise, and others;
Effect of Cooking time on Isolated Cellulose.xlsx: The cooking time has effected to yield of collecting the cellulose material.
Descriptions
Effect of Sulfidity on Isolated Cellulose
- Entry: The number of experiment from 1 to 4
- Reed chips: The starting material chips that has contained cellulose ( kg)
- AA%: active alkaline percent that has calculated by Na2O equivalent in Na2O in NaOH and Na2O in Na2S (%)
- NaOH: the number of NaOH ( kg)
- Na2S: the number of Na2S (kg)
- Sulfidity(%): Percent of sulfidity that has been changed from 10 to 35 %
- L/W ratio: The ratio of the number of water (kg) divised reed chip (kg) so it has no unit. In this case, L:W=10:1.
- Temperature: The cooking temperature (oC) that set up in this case it is 165oC
- Cooking time: The time of cooking material (hour) in this case it is install 2.5 h.
- % Isolated cellulose: Yielding of cellulose after cooking of material (%)
Effect of Active Alkali on Isolated Cellulose
- Entry: The number of experiment from 1 to 4
- Reed chips: The starting material chips that has contained cellulose ( kg)
- AA%: active alkaline percent that has calculated by Na2O equivalent in Na2O in NaOH and Na2O in Na2S (%) that changed from 10 to 25%.
- NaOH: the number of NaOH ( kg)
- Na2S: the number of Na2S (kg)
- Sulfidity (%): Percent of sulfidity that has been installed 30%
- L/W ratio: The ratio of the number of water (kg) divised reed chip (kg) so it has no unit. In this case L:W=10:1.
- Temperature: The cooking temperature (oC) that set up in this case it is 165oC
- Cooking time: The time of cooking material (hour) in this case it is install 2.5 h.
- % Isolated cellulose: Yielding of cellulose after cooking of material (%)
Effect of L.Q ratio on Isolated Cellulose
- Entry: The number of experiment from 1 to 4
- Reed chips: The starting material chips that has contained cellulose ( kg)
- AA%: active alkaline percent that has calculated by Na2O equivalent in Na2O in NaOH and Na2O in Na2S (%) that changed from 10 to 25%.
- NaOH: the number of NaOH ( kg)
- Na2S: the number of Na2S (kg)
- Sulfidity (%): Percent of sulfidity that has been installed 30%
- L/W ratio: The ratio of the number of water (kg) divised reed chip (kg) so it has no unit. In this case, the ratio of turn is L:W=6:1, L:W=8:1, L:W=10:1, and L:W=12:1.
- Temperature: The cooking temperature (oC) that set up in this case it is 165oC
- Cooking time: The time of cooking material (hour) in this case it is install 2.5 h.
- % Isolated cellulose: Yielding of cellulose after cooking of material (%)
Effect of Cooking time on Isolated Cellulose
- Entry: The number of experiment from 1 to 4
- Reed chips: The starting material chips that has contained cellulose ( kg)
- AA%: active alkaline percent that has calculated by Na2O equivalent in Na2O in NaOH and Na2O in Na2S (%)
- NaOH: the number of NaOH ( kg)
- Na2S: the number of Na2S (kg)
- Sulfidity (%): Percent of sulfidity that has been installed 30%
- L/W ratio: The ratio of the number of water (kg) divised reed chip (kg) so it has no unit. In this case L:W=10:1.
- Temperature: The cooking temperature (oC) that set up in this case it is 165oC
- Cooking time: The time of cooking material (hour) in this case it is 2h, 2.5h, 3h, and 3.5h.
- % Isolated cellulose: Yielding of cellulose after cooking of material (%)
Methods
Experiment chemistry at scale up, collected data, testing physial chemistry and applying in crude oil absorption.