Plants originally identified as Aphyllon ludovicianum that occur near Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, and Cuatro Ciénegas Bolson, Coahuila, Mexico, were found to not align with the protologue of that species, the close relative A. multiflorum, or any other species of Aphyllon. Following a detailed study of floral morphology, geographic range, host species, and phylogenetic position using dry herbarium specimens, field study and georeferenced color photographs, we propose the new binomials Aphyllon spectabile for the plants from Nuevo Leon and Aphyllon gypsophilum for the plants from Coahuila, Mexico. This increases the taxonomic diversity of Aphyllon to 27 species plus ten additional subspecies. Gymnosperma glutinosum and two species of Xanthisma were reported for the first time as a host species for the genus Aphyllon. We also provide an updated key to Aphyllon in Mexico. 

Most data was obtained from previously published DNA sequences (Schneider et al. 2016), however a few new samples were added as follows: DNA was extracted using a DNeasy Plant Pro kit, genes of interest amplified using polymerase chain reaction using primers and methods from Schneider et al. 2016. Dideoxy (Sanger) sequencing was performed in forward and reverse directions. Raw sequence chromatograms were inspected for quality and trimmed, then aligned with existing nuclear ribosomal and concatenated plastid sequence alignments from Schneider et al. (2016) using the MUSCLE plugin for Geneious 9.1.8.