Data from: The increasing benefits from ecosystems
Data files
Dec 19, 2023 version files 167.34 KB
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Calculation_Figure_1_A-D.xlsx
75.39 KB
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Calculation_Figure_S1.xlsx
22.57 KB
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Calculation_Figure_S2.xlsx
25.78 KB
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Code_figure_1A.do
2.18 KB
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Code_figure_1B.do
1.81 KB
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Code_figure_1C.do
1.58 KB
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Code_figure_1D.do
1.81 KB
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Code_figure_S1_discounting.do
1.68 KB
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Code_figure_S2_time_horizon.do
1.13 KB
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Data_Fig1_A-and-C.dta
13.35 KB
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Data_Fig1_B-and-D.dta
12.71 KB
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Data_figure_S1_discount_rate.dta
2.14 KB
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Data_figure_S2_time_horizon.dta
2.24 KB
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README.md
2.96 KB
Jan 15, 2024 version files 157.14 KB
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Calculation_Figure_1_A-D.xlsx
75.44 KB
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Calculation_Figure_S1.xlsx
22.76 KB
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Calculation_Figure_S2.xlsx
25.54 KB
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Data_Fig1_A-and-C.dta
13.35 KB
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Data_Fig1_B-and-D.dta
12.71 KB
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Data_figure_S1_discount_rate.dta
2.14 KB
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Data_figure_S2_time_horizon.dta
2.24 KB
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README.md
2.96 KB
Abstract
Ecosystems provide important services and are becoming increasingly scarce relative to market goods. Substantial policy shifts are currently underway in the US and elsewhere to integrate the value of ecosystem services in investment appraisal and regulatory analysis. Yet, policy guidelines need to be improved by providing direction on how to account for the fact that benefits from ecosystem services increase over time as incomes grow and ecosystem services become scarcer. Building on economic theory and best available evidence, we propose a simple relative price change rule to adjust the benefits from future ecosystem services. Applying this rule will better enable governments to reflect the importance of scarce ecosystems for current and future generations in public decision-making. This is critical as conservation efforts have so far fallen short of their stated goals.
README: Data from: The increasing benefits from ecosystems
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dbrv15f6z
Description of the data and file structure
The Supplementary Material describes the underlying theory and procedures. Here, we provide the data and code to reproduce the Figures and results mentioned in the Main and Supplementary Materials.
The replication materials contain three types of files:
(1) The Excel file [Calculation_Figure_1_A-D.xlsx] includes all calculations that underlie the main Figure 1, while the files [Calculation_Figure_S1.xls] and [Calculation_Figure_S1.xlsx] contain the respective calculations for Figures S1 and S2.
(A) Excel file [Calculation_Figure_1_A-D.xlsx]:
Rows 1-5 in Columns A-I include the inputs to calculate relative price changes (RPC) in Columns B, D, F and H, rows 10 to 110, and the respective increases in the present value of ecosystem services relative to the no relative price change case (Columns C,E,G and I, rows 10 to 110), along different value for the income elasticity of WTP. This serves as inputs to Stata to build Figure 1 Panel A and C.
Columns K to X contain the inputs to Stata to build Figure 1 Panel B and D. Columns K is the year, while L to P contain growth of indicators (GDP per capita as well as four environmental indicators). Columns Q to T report estimated future willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for the new default with an income elasticity of unity, and Columns U to X report estimated future willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for the old default with an income elasticity of zero.
The additional sheets assemble this data to be copied into Stata.
(B) Excel file [Calculation_Figure_S1.xls]:
The sheet provides the same calculation of the RPC and the increase in present values, but now not along the income elasticity of WTP but along the discount rate (see Column A). The 2nd sheet again collects the data to be copied into Stata.
(C) Excel file [Calculation_Figure_S2.xls]:
The sheet provides the same calculation of the RPC and the increase in present values, but now not along the income elasticity of WTP or discount rate but along the time horizon of the analysis (see Column A). The 2nd sheet again collects the data to be copied into Stata.
(2) The corresponding data is saved in the subfolder [Data] as .dta files to facilitate integration into Stata for plotting the graphs.
(3) The Stata codes in the subfolder [Code] draw on these data files to produce Figures 1, S1 and S2. To reproduce the Figures, please set the paths to your local drives accordingly.
Sharing/Access information
The data on growth rates is based on an estimation by Drupp et al. (2023, https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.04400).
Code/Software
As mentioned above, the package includes six Stata codes to reproduces the four panels of the main Figure as well as the Figures S1 and S2. If you want to run these on your computer, you need to adjust the pathways/directories accordingly.