Concentrations of total phenolics and condensed tannins and the number of galls combined in each sample
Data files
May 02, 2024 version files 23.19 KB
Abstract
Gall-forming insects induce various types of galls on their host plants by altering gene expression in host plant organs, and recent studies have been conducted for gene expression in galls. However, the evolutionary trajectories of gene expression patterns and the resulting phenotypes have not yet been studied using multiple related species. We investigated the speciation and the diversification process of galls induced by four closely-related aphid species (Hormaphidini) on a host plant species (Hamamelis japonica) by examining the phylogenetic congruence between the geographic divergences of aphids and the host plant, and by comparing their gene expression patterns and resulting phenotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of aphids and the host plant showed that geographic isolation among host plant populations has interrupted gene flow in aphids and accelerated the speciation process. The concentration of phenolics and the complexity of the internal structure of galls were correlated with the expression levels of genes for the biosynthesis of phenolics and morphogenesis, respectively. These results suggest that the expression levels of genes for the biosynthesis of phenolics and morphogenesis have evolutionarily increased in galls accelerated by the speciation process of aphids due to the distribution change of the host plant, leading to the related phenotypic evolution. Our study showed the evolutionary process of phenotypic traits in galls in the wild from both gene expression and actual phenotype levels.
README: Title of Dataset
Concentrations of total phenolics and condensed tannins and the number of galls combined in each sample.
Description of the data and file structure
variable name and description
Growth stage - growth stage of each gall sample; "Leaf" means the leaf of Hamamelis japonica
Species name - aphid species name of each gall sample
Site No. - the number of the site where the sample was collected
Total phenolics - concentration of total phenolics of each sample (mg/g)
Condensed tannins - concentrations of condensed tannins of each sample (mg/g)
No. of galls combined - the number of galls combined in each sample