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Dryad

Data from: Micronuclear collapse from oxidative damage

Data files

Aug 19, 2024 version files 1.77 GB

Abstract

Chromosome-containing micronuclei are a hallmark of aggressive cancers. Micronuclei frequently undergo irreversible collapse exposing their enclosed chromatin to the cytosol. Micronuclear rupture catalyzes chromosomal rearrangements, epigenetic abnormalities, and inflammation, yet mechanisms governing micronuclear integrity are poorly understood. Here we show that mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupt micronuclei by promoting a noncanonical function of the ESCRT-III nuclear membrane repair complex protein, CHMP7. ROS retain CHMP7 in micronuclei while disrupting its interaction with other ESCRT-III components. Instead, ROS-induced cysteine oxidation promotes CHMP7 oligomerization and binding to the nuclear membrane protein LEMD2 disrupting micronuclear envelopes. We show that this ROS-CHMP7 axis promotes chromosome shattering known to result from micronuclear rupture. It also mediates micronuclear rupture under hypoxic conditions, linking tumor hypoxia with downstream processes driving cancer progression.