Data from: Jaguar-white lipped peccary dynamic interaction index and landscape structures
Data files
Dec 23, 2024 version files 107.38 KB
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README.md
2.68 KB
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SuppS1.csv
104.70 KB
Abstract
Understanding how the landscape influences the distribution and behavior of predators and prey gives us insights into the spatial dynamics of their interactions and the factors that shape their populations across space and time. In this study, we analyzed the interactions between jaguars (Panthera onca) and white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) at different forest and grassland distances and under varying predator or prey densities. To investigate the influence of these variables on interactions, we considered analytical contexts “The Dynamic Interaction Index,” which represents attraction or avoidance behavior. We also calculated the proximity between predator and prey over time by assessing the distance among their locations. By analyzing GPS-movement data from three jaguars and five peccaries over 44 days, we observed that close distances were uncommon, and distances within a 3 to 5 km range were more prevalent. Most interactions occurred at greater distances from grasslands. In addition, our results show an increased frequency of jaguar-peccary interactions under low white-lipped peccary densities. These insights enhance our understanding of the Pantanal's predator-prey dynamics, highlighting spatial-temporal movement patterns. Considering this, we can better inform conservation strategies by identifying zones that facilitate these interactions. Emphasizing what is the landscape structure and the prey density roles in this interaction contributes to preserving this ecosystem's delicate predator-prey balance. In conclusion, our findings show for the first time the movement interaction of these two species that are currently threatened, and conserving them and their natural habitats is vital for maintaining the Pantanal's ecological balance.
README: Data from: Jaguar-white lipped peccary dynamic interaction index and landscape structures
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sqv9s4nc4
This dataset includes information on six interactions between jaguars and white-lipped peccaries in the Pantanal region during the dry season, where data were spatially and temporally overlapped to calculate the dynamic interaction index.
Contact Vanesa Bejarano Alegre (vanesa.bejarano@unesp.br) with any questions. This manuscript has been accepted for publication (11/28/2024):
Vanesa Bejarano Alegre, Júlia Emi de Faria Oshima, Claudia Zukeran Kanda, Maria Luisa S. P. Jorge, Alexine Keuroghlian, Ronaldo G. Morato, Milton Cezar Ribeiro and Luca Börger. Predator-Prey movement interactions: jaguars and peccaries in the spotlight. Biotropica (accepted). 10.1111/btp.13423
SuppS1.csv
This file contains data on jaguar and White-lipped peccary movements, dynamic interaction indices, and landscape structure values at each recorded point.
| Column Name | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
| longitude | degree | Longitude in decimal degrees (WGS84 datum) with a precision of ~1.11 km. |
| latitude | degree | Latitude in decimal degrees (WGS84 datum) with a precision of ~1.11 km. |
| t_ | Date-Time | Timestamps in YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM format |
| id | Text | Predator-prey individual identifier (e.g., "Esperanza", "Marcello") * |
| di | Unitless | Dynamic Interaction Index (e.g., values ranging from -1 to 1) |
| forest_dist | meters | Distance to forest habitat (negative = inside, 0 = border, positive = outside) |
| grassland_dist | meters | Distance to grassland habitat (negative = inside, 0 = border, positive = outside) |
| jaguar_density | individuals/km² | Density of jaguar individuals in the area |
| peccary_density | individuals/km² | Density of peccary individuals in the area |
| int | Categorical | Interaction type (e.g., "em" for "Esperanza", "Marcello") |
*The jaguars' names (predator): Esperanza, Nusa and Sossego. The peccaries' names (prey): Marcello, Roberta, Canela, Nanda and Trina.
Methods
Jaguar and White-lipped Peccary Movement Dataset Movement data for three jaguars and five white-lipped peccaries were collected between August 17th and September 30th, 2015, in the Southern Pantanal (Morato et al., 2018; Oshima, 2019).
Species Interaction Analysis We analyzed 525 predator-prey location pairs using the Dynamic Interaction Index (DII) to classify attraction, avoidance, or random movement. Distance between entities was computed with a 5000-meter threshold using the wildlifeDI package in R (Long et al., 2022).
Environmental Variables Environmental variables (forest and grassland data) from the Mapbioma platform (2015) were analyzed with LSMetrics software. These variables were crucial for habitat selection. Predator and prey densities were estimated using kernel density in QGIS 3.10.7.
References:
Morato, R. G., Thompson, J. J., Paviolo, A., de La Torre, J. A., Lima, F., McBride Jr, R. T., ... & Ribeiro, M. C. (2018). Jaguar movement database: a GPS‐based movement dataset of an apex predator in the Neotropics. Link
Oshima, J. E. D. F. (2019). Movement ecology and spatial distribution of Tayassu pecari in heterogeneous tropical landscapes. PhD. Thesis. Repositorio.unesp.br
Long J, Webb S, Harju S, Gee K (2022). “Analyzing Contacts and Behavior from High Frequency Tracking Data Using the wildlifeDI R Package.” Geographical Analysis, 54, 648–663. Link