Endometrial health is impacted by molecular processes that underlie estrogen responses. We assessed estrogen regulation of endometrial function by integrating the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) cistromes and transcriptomes of endometrial biopsies taken from the proliferative and mid-secretory phases of the menstrual cycle together with hormonally stimulated endometrial epithelial organoids. The cycle stage specific ESR1 binding sites were determined by ChIPseq and then integrated with changes in gene expression from RNAseq data to infer candidate ESR1 targets in normal endometrium. Genes with ESR1 binding in whole endometrium were enriched for chromatin modification and regulation of cell proliferation. The distribution of ESR1 binding sites in organoids was more distal from gene promoters when compared to primary endometrium and was more similar to the proliferative than the mid-secretory phase ESR1 cistrome. Inferred organoid estrogen/ESR1 candidate target genes impacted formation of cellular protrusions, and chromatin modification. Comparison of signaling impacted by candidate ESR1 target genes in endometrium vs. organoids reveals enrichment of both overlapping and distinct responses. Our analysis of the ESR1 cistromes and transcriptomes from endometrium and organoids provides important resources for understanding how estrogen impacts endometrial health and function.