All original data used in figures and tables of the manuscript are available in the dataset, which includes the X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis and antibacterial properties measurement. Ultrasound was practically used in large-scale production of water-soluble silver/graphene oxide (Ag/GO) by reducing the silver ions (Ag+) attached to graphene oxide into silver nanoparticles. The infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectra indicated that there is a strong interaction between Ag and GO. The morphology analysis showed that AgNPs having a monodisperse size was well dispersed on the surface of the GO nanosheet. The zeta potential analysis showed that the Ag/GO nanomaterials suspension has high stability. In addition, the Ag/GO nanomaterials exhibited an effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

These data such as UV-vis Absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction pattern and X-ray photoelectron spectra are derived directly from the test instruments and equipment. They can be processed directly to produce graphs. 

The surface morphologies were observed using scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy. To observe the morphology more clearly, there was no gold spray. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images were taken by a JEM-2100 model instrument operated at an accelerating voltage of 100kV. Samples for HRTEM imaging were prepared by placing a drop of the sample solution in a carbon-coated copper grid and dried in air.

The zeta potential of the particles in the Ag/GO solution was detected by a JS94K2 type microelectrophoresis apparatus. The antibacterial activity of Ag/GO nanomaterials against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli ATCC 25922 and Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus ATCC 6538 was studied by two methods: plate method and hole punching method. The cell viability was calculated by the following formula: Cell viability (100%) = ODt/ODn × 100%, where ODt is the absorbance of the test, and ODn is the absorbance of negative control.