This dataset contains location data for wastewater treatment plants located with 2 km of the U.S. coastline, based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Facility Registry Service. Wastewater treatment plant locations were verified using imagery to improve accuracy. Also included is an interpolated depth-to-groundwater surface for the San Francisco Bay Area. All other datasets used in this manuscript are available at the links provided in the text, which can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000805.