GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Data from: The Atlas of mitochondrial genetic diversity for Western Palearctic butterflies 2. Author Information Corresponding Investigator Name: Dr Leonardo Dapporto Institution: Università degli Studi di Firenze Email: leonardo.dapporto@unifi.it 3. Date of data collection: 2007-2022 4. Geographic location of data collection: The checklist encompasses Europe up to Urals in the east, north Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands), as well as the Maghreb (Morocco and northern Algeria and Tunisia). DNA-barcodes have been retained in the geographic interval of -31.3–67.5 degrees of longitude and 27.5–71.2 degrees of latitude. 5. Funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Support for this research was provided by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (project no. 625997), by ”la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434) to Mattia Menchetti (grant LCF/BQ/DR20/11790020) and by the Academy of Finland (Academy Research Fellow, decision no. 328895) to V.D., as well as by projects CGL2010–21226/BOS and CGL2013–48277-P (Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad), CGL2016–76322 (AEI/FEDER, UE), PID2019-107078GB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033) and 2017-SGR-991 (Generalitat de Catalunya) to R.Vi., the grant BES- 2017-080641 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future” to J.C.H., the project PID2020-117739GA-I00 (MCIN / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033) to G.T., and by the Direttiva Biodiversità 2019 and 2020 projects (Ministero della Transizione Ecologica) to L.D.l 6. Recommended citation for this dataset: Dapporto et al. (2022), Data from: The Atlas of mitochondrial genetic diversity for Western Palearctic butterflies, Dryad, Dataset DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. Description of dataset The dataset used to create the Atlas of mitochondrial genetic diversity for Western Palearctic butterflies is mainly composed by COI sequences and specimens metadata (identification and location). The dataset is also available in the iodatabase R package avaialable in Github https://github.com/leondap/iodatabase/ the dataset uploaded here serves to replicate the analyses as in the original paper 2. File List: File 1 Name: COI_Atlas.fas File 1 Description: The fasta file containing the COI sequences File 2 Name: Matadata_Atlas.txt File 2 Description: The metadata for sequences to identify species membership and spatial location File 3 Name: indexes_table.txt File 3 Description: The values of some indexes of intraspecific genetic variation for all examined species File 4 Name: square_corr.txt File 4 Description: A file to correct the size of sqauares used in the Atlas DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Matadata_Atlas.txt 1. Number of variables: 17 2. Number of cases/rows: 32126 3. Variable List: Sample.ID: The name of the sample in the collection (mostly the IDs for the Roger Vila collection in Barcelona) order: The sequential order in the fasta file Genus: The genus of the specimen Species: The name of the species Scientific_name: The complete name of the species Island: describe if a specimen belong to the mainland "main" or to an island Geographic.region: Describe the area from where a specimen belong either an island or a continental area Country: The country where a specimen has been collected Latitude: Latitude in decimal degrees (WGS84) Longitude: Longitude in decimal degrees (WGS84) BOLD: the BOLD ID code Genbank: The Genbank accession code SeqLength: The number of bp in the sequence Notes: Any note in the specimen newly.sequenced: if the specimen has been seqeunced for this study (1) or not (0) longitudeLa: Longitude in Lambert projection (in metres) latitudeLa: Latitude in Lambert projection (in metres) DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: indexes_table.txt 1. Number of variables: 10 2. Number of cases/rows: 552 Species Specimens GST DST HD ND Hap.obs. Hap. asympt. Fraction Hap. obs. maxP 3. Variable List: Species: The scientific name of the species Specimens: The number of examined specimens GST: The GST fixation index DST: The DST fixation index HD: Haplotype Diversity ND: Nucleotide Diversity Hap.obs.: Number of haplotypes observed Hap. asympt.: Number of haplotypes predicted in a accumulation curve analysis Fraction Hap. obs.: The fraction of haplotypes observed over the asymptotic evaluation maxP: The maximum p.distance among specimens in that species