GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: Data from: Examining competition during the agnathan/gnathostome transition using distance-based morphometrics. 2. Author Information: Corresponding Author Name: Bradley R. Scott Institution: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A. Email: brscott2@illnois.edu Co-author Name: Philip S. L. Anderson Institution: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A. 3. Date of Collection: 2018-2019 4. Geographic Location of Data Collection: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.; American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York, U.S.A.; Museum of Natural History, London, United Kingdom; National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany. 5. Funding sources that supported collection of data: College of Graduate studies, and Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. 6. Recommended citation for this dataset: Scott and Anderson (2022), Data from: Examining competition during the agnathan/gnathostome transition using distance-based morphometrics. Dryad, Dataset. DATA AND FILE OVERVIEW 1. Description of Dataset Data was collected for to investigate morphological similarity among groups of jawless (agnathans) and jawed vertebrates during the Silurian and Devonian Periods (~435-359 million years ago). The data includes raw distance-based measurements. These distance-based measurements were converted to proportions of standard length (rostrum to base of the tail) and then z-transformed for principal coordinate analysis. 256 specimens were sampled and 120 taxa were included in the analysis. Uraniacanthus probaton was also measured, but excluded from Scott and Anderson (2022) because it conflicted with other taxa in the Principal Coordinate Analysis. 2. File List File 1. Name: AgnathaGnathostome_Competition_Supplementary_Table_T3_raw_data_file.xlsx Description: Excel spreadsheets of distance-based measurements. This is Supplementary Table T3 for Scott and Anderson, Examining Competition during the agnathan/gnathostome transition using distance-based morphometrics Includes Three worksheets: ProportionsTaxaOnly - measurements proportionate to standard length (SL) except for TL and SL. mean values highlighted in green. Taxa only. Raw Measurements - distance measurments in millimeters, for each specimen included in the analysis as well as Uraniacanthus probaton Proportions - measurments proportionate to standard length (SL) except for TL and SL. Includes proportionate measurements for each specimen. File 2. Name: AgnathaGnathostome_Competition_Supplementary_Information_PaleobiologyFinal.docx Description: Word document containing supplementary information for methods and results of Scott and Anderson, Examining Competition during the agnathan/gnathostome transition using distance-based morphometrics including: Supplementary Tables T1 and T2, Supplementary Figures S1, S2, S3, S5, and S5 File 3. Name: Scott_and_Anderson_EV_Rscript.zip Description: Folder (compressed in zip format) containing four files: Early Vertebrate morphometrics R script.r, an R File containing script used for analyses, including the Gower's Dissimilarity Matrix, Principal Coordinate Analysis, coefficients of determination (r2), correlation coefficients, and plots used for figures in the manuscript, but does not include functions for importing datafiles or r-packages necessary for analyses. Early Vertebrate morphometrics R script.txt, a text file of the r-script file with the same name. Two datafiles for the r-script are EVZtrans_120taxa_2charbyClassandGroup.xlsx, a spreadsheet with all measurements z-transformed; and EVZtrans120taxa_2charbyClassandGroupProportions.xlsx, a spread sheet of Early Vertebrate measurements, but with proportions instead of z-transformed values. METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION Measurements were taken to the nearest 0.1mm from fossil specimens using digital calipers or, in the case of specimens in figures or photographs, in ImageJ. each measurement was calculated as a proportion of standard length (rostrum to caudal peduncle). Proportions were averaged in Taxa with multiple specimens. Proportions were then z-transformed to normalize values. Z-transformed values were compared across taxa using a Gower's dissimilarity coefficient to generate a distance matrix to estimate similarity among groups of jawless and jawed vertebrates as pairwise distances between taxa. The distance matrix was also used for a Principal Coordinate Analysis. Data-Specific Information for AgnathaGnathostome_Competition_Supplementary_Table_T3_raw_data_file.xlsx 1. Number of Work sheets: 3 ProportionsTaxaOnly - measurements proportionate to standard length (SL) except for TL and SL. mean values highlighted in green. Taxa only. Raw Measurements - distance measurements in millimeters, for each specimen included in the analysis as well as Uraniacanthus probaton Proportions - measurements proportionate to standard length (SL) except for TL and SL. Includes proportionate measurements for each specimen. 2. Number of Variables: 29 measurements (does not include total length (TL) or standard length (SL)), 3. Number of Taxa (rows): 120, ProportionsTaxaOnly spreadsheet Number of Individual Specimens Used: 252. 1 specimen unused, but included. 253 rows in Raw Measurements worksheet 4. List of Variables: all measurements taken, O.D, Orbit Distance; O.L, Orbit Length; I.O.D, Interorbital Distance; Pect.D, Pectoral Fin Distance; Pect.L, Pectoral Fin Length; Pect.B, Pectoral Fin Base; VentPFD, Ventral Paired Fin Distance; VentPFL, Ventral Paired Fin Length; Pelv.LL, Pelvic Fin Leading Edge Length; AntDf.D, Anterior Dorsal fin Distance; AntDf.L, Anterior Dorsal fin Length; AntDf.LL, Anterior Dorsal fin Leading edge Length; PostDF.D, Posterior Dorsal Fin Distance; PostDF.L, Posterior Dorsal Fin Length; PostDF.LL, Posterior Dorsal Fin Leading edge Length; AF.D, Anal Fin Distance; AF.L, Anal Fin Length; AF.LL, Anal Fin Leading edge Length; Cptrue, Caudal peduncle thickness; CFdl.L, Caudal Fin dorsal lobe Length; CFvl.L, Caudal Fin ventral lobe Length; sp, caudal fin span; H.L, Head Length; H.W, Head Width; H.WD, Head Width Distance; MaxTrunkWidth, Maximum Trunk Width; MaxT.WD, Maximum Trunk Width Distance; MaxD, Maximum Depth; Max.DD, Maximum Depth Distance. 5. Missing Data Codes: - 6. Abbreviations used: AMNH = American Museum of Natural History CMNH = Cleveland Museum of Natural History MB.f = Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin NHMUK= Natural History Museum (United Kingdom), catalogue numbers as P or OR NMS = National Museum of Scotland UALVP = University of Alberta Laboratory for Vertebrate Palaeontology MHNM = Musée d'histoire naturelle du parc national de Miguasha p = specimen parts cp = specimen counterparts specimen parts designated as p, counterparts as cp 7. Other relevant information: For osteostracans AF = caudal ventral flap fin leading edge length replaced with height for specific taxa (red lettering) Data-Specific Information for EVZtrans_120taxa_2charbyClassandGroup.xlsx 1. Number of Work sheets: 1 2. Number of Variables: 29 measurements (does not include total length (TL) or standard length (SL) or Completeness) 3. Number of Taxa (rows): 120 4. List of Variables: all measurements taken, O.D, Orbit Distance; O.L, Orbit Length; I.O.D, Interorbital Distance; Pect.D, Pectoral Fin Distance; Pect.L, Pectoral Fin Length; Pect.B, Pectoral Fin Base; VentPFD, Ventral Paired Fin Distance; VentPFL, Ventral Paired Fin Length; Pelv.LL, Pelvic Fin Leading Edge Length; AntDf.D, Anterior Dorsal fin Distance; AntDf.L, Anterior Dorsal fin Length; AntDf.LL, Anterior Dorsal fin Leading edge Length; PostDF.D, Posterior Dorsal Fin Distance; PostDF.L, Posterior Dorsal Fin Length; PostDF.LL, Posterior Dorsal Fin Leading edge Length; AF.D, Anal Fin Distance; AF.L, Anal Fin Length; AF.LL, Anal Fin Leading edge Length; Cptrue, Caudal peduncle thickness; CFdl.L, Caudal Fin dorsal lobe Length; CFvl.L, Caudal Fin ventral lobe Length; sp, caudal fin span; H.L, Head Length; H.W, Head Width; H.WD, Head Width Distance; MaxTrunkWidth, Maximum Trunk Width; MaxT.WD, Maximum Trunk Width Distance; MaxD, Maximum Depth; Max.DD, Maximum Depth Distance. 5. Missing Data Codes: - 6. Abbreviations used: AMNH = American Museum of Natural History CMNH = Cleveland Museum of Natural History MB.f = Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin NHMUK= Natural History Museum (United Kingdom), catalogue numbers as P or OR NMS = National Museum of Scotland UALVP = University of Alberta Laboratory for Vertebrate Palaeontology MHNM = Musée d'histoire naturelle du parc national de Miguasha p = specimen parts cp = specimen counterparts specimen parts designated as p, counterparts as cp 7. Other relevant information: All values are z-transformed values of proportions (Proportions worksheet in AgnathaGnathostome_Competition_Supplementary_Table_T3_raw_data_file.xlsx) Dataset for Early Vertebrate morphometrics R script.r Data-Specific Information for EVZtrans120taxa_2charbyClassandGroupProportions.xlsx 1. Number of Work sheets: 1 2. Number of Variables: 29 measurements (does not include total length (TL) or standard length (SL)) 3. Number of Taxa (rows): 120 4. List of Variables: all measurements taken O.D, Orbit Distance; O.L, Orbit Length; I.O.D, Interorbital Distance; Pect.D, Pectoral Fin Distance; Pect.L, Pectoral Fin Length; Pect.B, Pectoral Fin Base; VentPFD, Ventral Paired Fin Distance; VentPFL, Ventral Paired Fin Length; Pelv.LL, Pelvic Fin Leading Edge Length; AntDf.D, Anterior Dorsal fin Distance; AntDf.L, Anterior Dorsal fin Length; AntDf.LL, Anterior Dorsal fin Leading edge Length; PostDF.D, Posterior Dorsal Fin Distance; PostDF.L, Posterior Dorsal Fin Length; PostDF.LL, Posterior Dorsal Fin Leading edge Length; AF.D, Anal Fin Distance; AF.L, Anal Fin Length; AF.LL, Anal Fin Leading edge Length; Cptrue, Caudal peduncle thickness; CFdl.L, Caudal Fin dorsal lobe Length; CFvl.L, Caudal Fin ventral lobe Length; sp, caudal fin span; H.L, Head Length; H.W, Head Width; H.WD, Head Width Distance; MaxTrunkWidth, Maximum Trunk Width; MaxT.WD, Maximum Trunk Width Distance; MaxD, Maximum Depth; Max.DD, Maximum Depth Distance. 5. Missing Data Codes: - 6. Abbreviations used: AMNH = American Museum of Natural History CMNH = Cleveland Museum of Natural History MB.f = Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin NHMUK= Natural History Museum (United Kingdom), catalogue numbers as P or OR NMS = National Museum of Scotland UALVP = University of Alberta Laboratory for Vertebrate Palaeontology MHNM = Musée d'histoire naturelle du parc national de Miguasha p = specimen parts cp = specimen counterparts specimen parts designated as p, counterparts as cp 7. Other relevant information: All values are proportions (Proportions worksheet in AgnathaGnathostome_Competition_Supplementary_Table_T3_raw_data_file.xlsx) Dataset for Early Vertebrate morphometrics R script.r