This is a ReadMe file for the microsatellite genotype data of Callitris columellaris species complex (Cupressaceae), analysed in the MS (RSPB-2013-2182). Format: Genealex input file [Peakall R, Smouse PE (2006) GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Molecular Ecology Notes 6, 288-295.]. First row: (the number of nSSR loci analysed 30), (the number of samples analysed 1434), (the number of populations analysed 62), (the numbers of the individulas in population 1), …, (the number of population 62), (the number of samples analysed in total 1434) Second row: (the names of populations) Third row: (marker names) in [Sakaguchi S, Uchiyama K, Ueno S, et al. (2011) Isolation and characterization of 52 polymorphic EST-SSR markers for Callitris columellaris (Cupressaceae). American Journal of Botany 98(12), E363-E368.] Fourth and the following rows: (the fragment length data in 2-column format) MS Reference Number: RSPB-2013-2182 MS Dryad ID: 24985269MEC-12-0079#これは変更する!! MS Title: Climate, not Aboriginal landscape burning, controlled the historical demography and distribution of fire-prone conifer populations across Australia MS Authors: Shota Sakaguchi; David M. J. S. Bowman; Lynda D. Prior; Michael D. Crisp; Celeste C. Linde; Tsumura Yoshihiko; Yuji Isagi Contact Author: Shota Sakaguchi Contact Author Email: sakaguci54@gmail.com Contact Author Address 1: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Contact Author Address 2: 3-8-1, Komaba Contact Author Address 3: Meguro-ku Contact Author City: Tokyo Contact Author State: Tokyo Contact Author Country: Japan Contact Author ZIP/Postal Code: 153-8902 Keywords: Aboriginal fire management, Conifer, Climate change, Fire, Phylogeography, Population demography Abstract: Climate and fire are the key environmental factors that shape the distribution and demography of plant populations in Australia. Because of limited paleao-ecological records in this arid continent, however, it is unclear which factor impacted vegetation more strongly, and what the roles were of fire regime changes due to human activity and megafaunal extinction (since ca. 50 kya). To address these questions, we analysed historical genetic, demographic and distributional changes in a widespread conifer species complex that paradoxically grows in fire-prone regions, yet is very sensitive to fire. Genetic demographic analysis showed that the arid populations experienced strong bottlenecks, consistent with range contractions during the last glacial maximum (ca. 20kya) predicted by species distribution models. In southern temperate regions, the population sizes were estimated to have been mostly stable, followed by some expansion coinciding with climate amelioration at the end of the last glacial period. By contrast, in the flammable tropical savannahs, where fire risk is highest, demographic analysis failed to detect significant population bottlenecks. Collectively, these results suggest that the impact of climate change overwhelmed any modifications to fire regimes by Aboriginal landscape burning and megafaunal extinction, a finding that likely also applies to other fire-prone vegetation across Australia.